Over the years, many media have been developed for mycobacteria cultivation. Early ones included egg-based formulations such as Lowenstein-Jensen Medium or Petragnani Medium. Later, Dubos, Middlebrook and Middlebrook created a variety of formulations that contained oleic and albumin as key components. These ingredients protect Mycobacterium against toxic agents and allow for the growth and development of tubercle bacteriailli. Cohn and Middlebrook improved the formulations of oleic acids-albumin agar to achieve a faster and more luxurious growth of Mycobacterium strains.
Endo created Endo Agar to distinguish gram-negative bacteria based on lactose fermentation and inhibit gram-positive bacteria. The latter were not inhibited by bile salts, as was traditional. Endo was able to inhibit gram-positive bacteria using sodium sulfite, basic fuchsin.
Salmonellae are the most complex taxonomically diverse group of bacteria in Enterobacteriaceae. Salmonella infections in humans are usually caused by the consumption of food, milk, and water contaminated with animal or human excreta. S. Typhi is only found in humans.
Egg Yolk Agar modified is based upon the original Egg Yolk Agar formula developed by McClung & Toabe to isolate and differentiate organisms based in Lecithinase, lipase production, and proteolytic activities.
As a primary plating medium, Brilliant Green Agar medium should be used to isolate Salmonella species. Kristensen and colleagues first described it as a selective isolation medium to Salmonella species. Kristensen et al. first described it as a selective isolation medium for Salmonella species. Kauffmann modified the formula to make it a highly selective plating media for the isolation and identification from salmonellae in feces, other pathological material, food and dairy products. Brilliant Green Agar should always be used in conjunction with other selective plating media like Deoxycholate Citrate Agar and Hektoen Enteric Agar. Salmonella Typhi is treated with Bismuth Sulphite.
Hektoen Enteric Agar, a selective and differential medium, is used to distinguish Salmonella and Shigella species from other Enterobacteriaceae. Sylvia King, William I. Metzger introduced the medium in 1968. They developed HE Agar medium during their time at the Hektoen Institute, Chicago, in order to improve the recovery of Salmonella and Shigella from clinical specimens.
Schiemann first described Yersinia selective agar as an alternative to MacConkey agar and other media commonly used for isolating Yersinia Enterocolitica, a causative organism of gastroenteritis. Yersinia Enterocolitica, a major food- or waterborne enteric pathogen, has been reported to cause epizootic outbreaks in animals such as diarrhea, lymphadenopathy and pneumonia. Yersinia Selective Agar, a selective and differentiated medium that supports the growth of Y. Enterocolitica and other Yersinia spp.
Cystine-Lactose-Electrolyte-Deficient (CLED) medium, first described by Sandys and later modified by Mackey and Sandys, is generally used for diagnostic routine urinary bacteriology as a non-selective medium capable of supporting the growth of most urinary pathogens. CLED Agar, a differential medium for the isolation and counting of bacteria from urine, is used. It supports the growth all potential urinary pathogens. The medium also provides distinct colony morphology. It is suitable for the growth of all urinary pathogens, contaminants, and provides good colonial differentiation. However, it does not allow for the spread of Proteus species because of its low electrolytes.
Thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose (TCBS) Agar, is a type of selective agar that is used in microbiology laboratories to isolate Vibrio species. TCBS Agar can be used to cultivate Vibrio cholerae from clinical specimens or other materials. Kobayashi et. al. developed TCBS Agar, which modified the Nakanishi selective medium. This medium was originally intended to isolate V. cholerae from V. parahaemolyticus. However, Vibrios can grow healthy colonies with many different colonial morphologies.
Anaerobic blood agar is a solid media that can be used in qualitative methods for the isolation and cultivation anaerobic organisms. V.R. Dowell and T.M. Hawkins, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, Georgia. Anaerobic blood agar supports the growth of anaerobes with typical pigmentation, both fastidious and slow-growing, and other anaerobes that are of clinical significance.
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