Instruments

What is Chromatography? Chromatography is a large family of analytical procedures used to separate, identify, and quantify components in a mixture. It is an effective technique in many scientific fields, including chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacology, environmental analysis, and forensic research. The chromatographic concept is based on the differential distribution of components between two phases: stationary and … Read more

What is Paper Chromatography? Types of Paper chromatography There are two main types of paper chromatography: paper adsorption chromatography and paper partition chromatography. Both paper adsorption chromatography and paper partition chromatography are valuable techniques for separating and analyzing mixtures of compounds. They rely on the principles of adsorption or partitioning to achieve separation, and the … Read more

What is Gamma-ray Spectroscopy? Gamma-ray (γ-ray) spectroscopy Principle The basic idea behind gamma-ray spectroscopy is to detect and analyze the energy of incident gamma rays. Gamma rays of varying energy and intensities are emitted by radioactive sources. A gamma-ray energy spectrum is produced when these gamma rays are detected and examined using a spectroscopic instrument. … Read more

What is X-Ray Spectroscopy? History of X-ray spectroscopy The history of X-ray spectroscopy dates back to the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with notable contributions from pioneering scientists. Here is an overview of the key milestones: The discoveries and advancements made by these scientists laid the foundation for X-ray spectroscopy and crystallography. Over the … Read more

What is Gel Filtration Chromatography? Phases in Gel Filtration Chromatography There are two main phases in gel filtration chromatography: the mobile phase and the stationary phase. In summary, gel filtration chromatography consists of two phases: the mobile phase (the solvent that transports the sample through the column) and the stationary phase (the gel-packed column that … Read more

What is Gel Permeation Chromatography? Gel Permeation Chromatography Principle The separation of components based on their molecular weight or size is the basis of gel permeation chromatography (GPC), also known as gel filtration or size exclusion chromatography. The method employs a stationary phase composed of a porous polymer matrix. The solvent that serves as the … Read more

What is Centrifugal force? Definition of Centrifugal force Centrifugal force is an outward fictitious force experienced by objects moving in a circular path, directed away from the center of rotation. Centrifugal force formula The centrifugal force can be calculated using different formulas depending on the available information. If the velocity (v) of the moving object … Read more

An Automated Cell Counter is a machine or device that is used to count the number of cells in a biological sample. It uses various technologies such as image analysis, impedance measurement, or fluorescence to accurately determine the number of cells present. The importance of cell counting lies in its widespread applications in the fields … Read more

Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis (CAE) is a method of separating charged molecules, including proteins, based on their charge and size. It uses a cellulose acetate sheet as a medium for separation, and an electrical current to move the molecules through the medium. The charged molecules are separated based on their migration rate through the cellulose acetate … Read more

A microtome is a scientific instrument used to cut very thin slices of material, typically for use in microscopy. The material being sliced can be a variety of things, including biological tissue, plant specimens, or materials for industrial or electronic purposes. The microtome works by holding the material in place and then moving a blade … Read more