Instruments

What is Immunoelectrophoresis? Immunoelectrophoresis is a biochemical approach for protein separation and characterization that is based on electrophoresis and antibody-antigen interactions. It uses immunodiffusion and electrophoresis techniques to identify and analyse specific antigens within a protein mixture. The immunoelectrophoresis procedure begins with electrophoresis, which separates the antigen mixture into its distinct components. This is accomplished … Read more

What is Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE)? Definition of Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) is a technique used to separate and analyze proteins or nucleic acids based on their mobility in a porous polyacrylamide gel matrix under the influence of an electric field. Types of Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) There are several types … Read more

What is SDS-PAGE? Definition of SDS-PAGE SDS-PAGE is a technique used to separate proteins based on their molecular weight by using a gel matrix and the denaturing agent sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Overview of SDS PAGE SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) is a popular method for studying protein mixtures. By sorting proteins depending on … Read more

What is Mass Spectrometry (MS)? Definition of Mass Spectrometry (MS) Mass Spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique used to identify the chemical composition of a sample by measuring the mass-to-charge ratio of its ions, resulting in a mass spectrum that reveals the molecular and structural information of the sample. Mass Spectrometry Principle Mass Spectrometry operates … Read more

What is Solid State Fermentation (SSF)? Definition of solid state fermentation Solid State Fermentation (SSF) is a fermentation method that involves the growth of microorganisms on solid support, such as grain brans or oil seed cakes, without a free-flowing aqueous phase. It is used in various industries to produce valuable metabolites, including antibiotics, enzymes, and … Read more

What is IR Spectroscopy? Principle of IR Spectroscopy Infrared (IR) spectroscopy operates on the basis of analyzing the interaction between infrared radiation and a molecule. In terms of wavelength, the infrared region most frequently employed for analyzing organic compounds lies between 2,500 and 16,000 nm, corresponding to a frequency range of 1.9 × 10^13 to … Read more

What is NMR Spectroscopy (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy)? NMR spectroscopy, commonly known as Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS), is a strong analytical method used to analyze the local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. It is based on the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by atom nuclei in the radiofrequency area, which generally ranges from 4 to 900 … Read more

What is Chromatography? Chromatography is a large family of analytical procedures used to separate, identify, and quantify components in a mixture. It is an effective technique in many scientific fields, including chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacology, environmental analysis, and forensic research. The chromatographic concept is based on the differential distribution of components between two phases: stationary and … Read more

What is Paper Chromatography? Types of Paper chromatography There are two main types of paper chromatography: paper adsorption chromatography and paper partition chromatography. Both paper adsorption chromatography and paper partition chromatography are valuable techniques for separating and analyzing mixtures of compounds. They rely on the principles of adsorption or partitioning to achieve separation, and the … Read more

What is Gamma-ray Spectroscopy? Gamma-ray (γ-ray) spectroscopy Principle The basic idea behind gamma-ray spectroscopy is to detect and analyze the energy of incident gamma rays. Gamma rays of varying energy and intensities are emitted by radioactive sources. A gamma-ray energy spectrum is produced when these gamma rays are detected and examined using a spectroscopic instrument. … Read more