Sourav Pan

Academic Writer, Microbiology Specialist | M.Sc. Microbiology, Calcutta University, Founder of Biologynotesonline.com

Sourav is the founder and sole author of Biology Notes Online. He holds a Master’s degree in Microbiology from Calcutta University and has over 5 years of experience in academic writing, life science content creation. His content reflects hands-on lab expertise, deep subject knowledge, and a strong passion for simplifying biology for students. Whether it’s genetics, microscopy, or metabolic pathways — Sourav explains it in a way that’s accurate, exam-focused, and easy to remember. He regularly updates and fact-checks all the material published on this site, ensuring students get trustworthy and updated biology notes with references to real scientific sources.

Differences Between Poisonous and Non-poisonous Snakes

• Published on June 14, 2024 • 5 min readby Sourav Pan

When differentiating between poisonous and non-poisonous snakes, several key physical characteristics and features can be observed. Understanding these differences is crucial for identifying and handling snakes safely. Poisonous Snakes Non-poisonous Snakes Differences Between Poisonous and Non-poisonous Snakes Characteristic Poisonous Snakes Non-poisonous Snakes Body Color Generally bright Not so bright Neck Constriction Present Absent Head Shape … Read more

Bacterial Growth Curve Protocol

• Published on June 14, 2024 • 9 min readby Sourav Pan

What is Bacterial Growth Curve? The bacterial growth curve is a graphical representation of the growth of a population of bacteria in a closed system over time. It typically consists of four phases: The shape and duration of each phase can vary depending on the bacterial species, the nutrients available, and other environmental factors. Understanding … Read more

Sycon – Anatomy, Diagram, Habitat, Nutrition, Reproduction

• Published on June 14, 2024 • 19 min readby Sourav Pan

What is Sycon? Definition of Sycon Sycon is a genus of small, tube-shaped calcareous sponges from the family Sycettidae, commonly found attached to rocks, corals, and mollusc shells in shallow, temperate marine waters. Sycon Classification Sycon is a genus of calcareous sponges within the broader classification system of the animal kingdom. Understanding its classification helps … Read more

Cyclops – Habitat, Morphology, Diagram

• Published on June 13, 2024 • 5 min readby Sourav Pan

What is Cyclops? Definition of Cyclops Cyclops are a genus of freshwater copepods characterized by their single large eye, named after the mythical creature from Greek mythology. They are commonly referred to as water fleas and play important roles in freshwater ecosystems, serving as intermediate hosts for various parasites such as the guinea worm and … Read more

TaqMan Probe – Definition, Principle, Applications

• Published on June 13, 2024 • 8 min readby Sourav Pan

TaqMan - Definition, Principle, Applications

What is TaqMan Probe? Definition of TaqMan TaqMan probes are hydrolysis probes used in quantitative PCR (qPCR) to increase specificity by utilizing the 5´–3´ exonuclease activity of Taq polymerase to cleave a dual-labeled probe during hybridization, resulting in a fluorescence signal that allows for precise quantification of the target DNA. Principle of TaqMan TaqMan technology … Read more

56 Pioneers in Microbiology and their Great Contribution

• Published on June 12, 2024 • 16 min readby Sourav Pan

Here is the list of Top 56 Pioneers in Microbiology and their Great Contribution Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723): The First Microbiologist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was a Dutch scientist who is often considered the father of microbiology. He was the first to observe bacteria and other microorganisms using a microscope that he designed and built himself. … Read more

Urethra -Definition, Structure, Paint, Treatment, Functions

• Published on June 10, 2024 • 13 min readby Sourav Pan

What is Urethra? Definition of Urethra The urethra is a tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. In males, it also transports semen during ejaculation. Structure of Urethra The urethra is a fibrous and muscular tube that serves as the conduit for urine from the urinary bladder to the … Read more

BSC Microbiology Syllabus PDF – Choice Based Credit System (CBCS)

• Last Updated June 11, 2024 • 0 revisions • 5 min readby Sourav Pan

BSC Microbiology Syllabus for CBCS PDF - Choice Based Credit System (CBCS)

Proposed syllabus and Scheme of Examination for B.Sc. (Honors) Microbiology. The B. Sc. Honours Microbiology program under the Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) is meticulously designed to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of microbiology. This program includes a mix of core courses, discipline-specific electives, generic electives, ability enhancement courses, and skill enhancement courses. Below … Read more

Vertebra – Definition, Structure, Development

• Published on June 6, 2024 • 14 min readby Sourav Pan

What is Vertebra? Definition of Vertebra A vertebra is an individual bone that forms part of the vertebral column (spine) in vertebrate animals. It is an irregularly shaped bone composed of a central body, a vertebral arch, and various processes, providing structural support, flexibility, and protection for the spinal cord. Parts of Vertebrae 1. Vertebral … Read more

GATE Syllabus for Biotechnology (BT) PDF

• Published on June 5, 2024 • 10 min readby Sourav Pan

The Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) for Biotechnology (BT) 2024 encompasses a detailed and rigorous syllabus designed to evaluate the knowledge and understanding of candidates in various domains of biotechnology. The syllabus is segmented into three primary sections: General Aptitude, Engineering Mathematics, and Core Discipline, with the Core Discipline carrying the most significant weightage. … Read more