By Sourav Pan 0 revisions 32 min readby Sourav Pan
What are Monosaccharides? Definition of Monosaccharides Monosaccharides are single sugar molecules that are the basic units of carbohydrates. They are simple sugars with a variety of structures and functions in biological systems. Vant Hoff’s Rule of ‘n’ The number of imaginable isomers of any delivered compound relies upon the digit of the molecule’s asymmetric carbon … Read more
Isomerism Definition Isomerism refers to the phenomenon where more than one compound has identical chemical formulas, but different chemical structures. Chemical compounds with identical chemical formulae, but differ in the properties and arrangement of the atoms within the molecule are known as isomers. Thus, compounds with isomerism are referred to as isomers. The term “isomer” … Read more
By Sourav Pan 0 revisions 11 min readby Sourav Pan
Because the body is complex, energy is required to ensure proper functioning. Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, is the energy source for use and storage at cellular level. ATP’s structure is a nucleoside triophosphate. It consists of a ribose glucose, a nitrogenous base (adenine) and three serially bonded phosphate group. ATP is often referred to by … Read more
What is Protein Purification? Protein Purification Methods Creating a Crude Protein Extract – Extraction Precipitation and Differential Solubilisation – Concentration of crude extract Ammonium sulfate precipitation Fractional precipitation with acetone Ultracentrifugation Sucrose gradient centrifugation Chromatographic Methods Different chromatographic methods 1. Size Exclusion Chromatography 2. Ion Exchange Chromatography 3. Affinity Chromatography 4. Metal Binding 5. Immunoaffinity … Read more
By Sourav Pan 0 revisions 31 min readby Sourav Pan
Pectin is a carbohydrate that occurs naturally in plant cell walls. Long chains of galacturonic acid molecules are joined together to form this complex polysaccharide. Apples, citrus fruits, and berries are good sources of pectin since it is a natural gelling factor in food. Pectin’s gel-forming properties make it ideal for use in the preparation … Read more
By Sourav Pan 0 revisions 49 min readby Sourav Pan
The chemical energy stored in molecules can be released as heat in chemical reactions that occur when the fuel methane, coal or cooking gas burns in the air. Chemical energy could also be utilized to carry out mechanical work when fuel is burned in an engine or to generate electric energy via an electrolytic cell … Read more
By Sourav Pan 0 revisions 24 min readby Sourav Pan
What is Pentose Phosphate Pathway? Pentose Phosphate Pathway Definition The Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) is a metabolic pathway parallel to glycolysis that produces NADPH, pentoses (5-carbon sugars), and ribose 5-phosphate, a precursor for nucleotide synthesis. It plays a crucial role in both cellular biosynthesis and the defense against oxidative stress. Location of Pentose Phosphate Pathway … Read more
Entner–Doudoroff pathway is an alternative pathway of Glycolysis. This pathway is found in Gram-negative bacteria, certain Gram-positive bacteria, and archaea. Entner–Doudoroff pathway Definition Entner–Doudoroff pathway containing Organisms Some example of bacteria those contain Entner–Doudoroff pathway are Pseudomonas, Azotobacter, Rhizobium, Agrobacterium, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Xanthomonas campestris, Zymomonas mobilis, Enterococcus faecalis. This pathway also found in … Read more
What is the krebs cycle? Krebs Cycle Steps with Diagram The Overall Krebs cycle equation is; 2 acetyl groups + 6 NAD+ + 2 FAD + 2 ADP + 2 Pi = 4 CO2 + 6 NADH + 6 H+ + 2 FADH2 + 2 ATP Krebs Cycle Products The followings are the end product … Read more
Glyoxylate cycle Definition Glyoxylate cycle Steps Glyoxylate cycle functions The conversation of dicarboxylic and tricarboxylic acids in germinating seeds occurs in three compartments such as mitochondria, glyoxysomes, and cytosol. During the conversation, the oxaloacetate from the TCA cycle (mitochondria) enters into the glyoxysomes in the form of aspartate. After that, the aspartate converted into oxaloacetate … Read more
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0 revisions 32 min read 
