Welcome to Biology Notes Online! We are the BNO Team, dedicated to providing high-quality, accessible biology study notes for students and teachers alike. Our goal is to simplify complex biological concepts and present them in an easy-to-understand format, entirely free of charge. Whether you're preparing for exams, teaching a class, or simply passionate about biology, our comprehensive notes are designed to support your learning and teaching journey.
What is HPLC (High-performance liquid chromatography)? Principle of HPLC (High-performance liquid chromatography) Instrumentation of HPLC High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a sophisticated analytical technique that relies on a precise set of instruments to achieve effective separation, detection, and analysis of chemical compounds. The key components of an HPLC system include the mobile phase reservoir, solvent … Read more
Microvilli are tiny, finger-like projections found on the surface of epithelial cells throughout the body, particularly in the small intestine. These structures significantly increase the surface area of the cells, enhancing their ability to absorb nutrients and other substances. The primary functions of microvilli include facilitating nutrient absorption, aiding in the process of fertilization, supporting … Read more
In this article, I will share a list of Top and Best Books for Cell Biology. In this paper on microbiology, you will study about Structure and organization of Cell, Nucleus, Protein Sorting and Transport, Cell Signalling, Cell Cycle, Cell Death and Cell Renewal. Our goal: Find the Best Books for Cell Biology, based on … Read more
Evolutionary biology stands as one of the most captivating and illuminating fields of study, unraveling the intricacies of life’s diversity and the remarkable processes that have shaped it. As an interdisciplinary science, evolutionary biology combines genetics, paleontology, ecology, and more to explore the origins and development of species over time. To delve deeper into this … Read more
Developmental biology is a fascinating field of study that explores the intricate processes by which organisms grow, differentiate, and develop from a single cell into complex multicellular organisms. It encompasses a wide range of topics, including embryology, morphogenesis, cell signaling, and genetic regulation. Whether you are a student, researcher, or simply an avid learner seeking … Read more
Research methodology is a critical aspect of any research endeavor, providing a systematic framework for conducting rigorous and reliable studies. For researchers, students, and professionals engaged in academic or scientific pursuits, having a solid understanding of research methodology is essential for designing studies, collecting and analyzing data, and drawing valid conclusions. To aid in acquiring … Read more
Ethology, the scientific study of animal behavior, offers valuable insights into the fascinating world of animal interactions, communication, and social dynamics. Aspiring ethologists, researchers, and animal enthusiasts seeking to delve deeper into this captivating field can greatly benefit from the knowledge and expertise shared in books dedicated to ethology. These books provide a comprehensive understanding … Read more
What is Algae? What is the thallus organization of algae? Types of thallus organization in Algae The organization of the algal thallus varies considerably across different species. The thallus, or plant body, can be categorized into several distinct types based on its structural complexity and organization. The algal thallus organization can be classified in these … Read more
In this article we will learn about the contribution of Robert Koch in Microbiology and Koch’s Postulates. All this informations are only for students. Who was Robert Koch? Contribution of Robert Koch Robert Koch made pivotal contributions to the field of microbiology, which significantly advanced our understanding of infectious diseases. His work established foundational principles … Read more
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