Industrial microbiology is the use of microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, and yeast for producing useful materials on a large scale. It is the process where these microbes are grown under controlled conditions so that they can convert raw materials into different products. It is the process mainly linked with fermentation and other bioconversion methods, and … Read more
Microbiology is the study of microscopic organisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi and some parasites, and it is the field that explains how these organisms is involved in different biological and environmental activities. A career in microbiology is followed when a person study these microbes and work with them in laboratories or research centers. It is … Read more
What is Biological Clocks? Biological clocks are the internal timing system present in living organisms, and it is the process by which rhythmic changes occur in a regular pattern. It is an endogenous mechanism that runs for about 24 hours, and this rhythmic behaviour is referred to as circadian rhythm. The rhythm continues even in … Read more
What is Sphenodon? Sphenodon is the reptile that is commonly known as the tuatara, and it is the only living representative of the order Rhynchocephalia. It is the reptile that is found naturally in New Zealand, and it is considered a very old lineage that diverged from other reptiles in ancient geological time. The body … Read more
What is Archegoniate? Archegoniate is the group of plants in which the female sex organ called archegonium is present. It is a multicellular flask-shaped structure that is formed during the gametophyte phase, and it is the place where the ovum is produced and retained. It is the outer jacket layer of sterile cells that protect … Read more
A pH meter is an instrument that is used to measure the pH of a solution, and it is the value that shows how acidic or alkaline the solution is. It is the process where a glass electrode and a reference electrode are placed in the sample, and the potential difference formed between them is … Read more
Brucella is a genus of small Gram-negative coccobacilli. It is non-motile and non-spore forming, and it is the organism responsible for a zoonotic disease called brucellosis. It is the process where the bacteria survive as facultative intracellular parasite inside different host cells. These organisms are named after David Bruce and are placed under the family … Read more
Nylander’s test is a qualitative test that is used for detecting reducing sugars. It is the process where the reducing sugar is heated with an alkaline solution containing bismuth salt, and the reaction is controlled by the components present in the reagent. The reagent is made of bismuth nitrate or bismuth subnitrate, potassium sodium tartrate, … Read more
Okazaki fragment is the short segment of DNA that is synthesized on the lagging strand during DNA replication. It is formed because the DNA polymerase can extend the new strand only in the 5’–3’ direction, so the strand that is oriented in the 3’–5’ direction is produced in a discontinuous manner. It is initiated by … Read more
The Picric Acid Test is used to detect the presence of reducing sugars in a solution. It is a general chemical test and it is based on the reduction of picric acid under alkaline condition. Picric acid is a yellow crystalline compound (2,4,6-trinitrophenol) and it is converted into picramic acid when it reacts with a … Read more
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