Agnatha is the superclass of vertebrates in which true jaws are absent. It is the group that represent the most primitive and earliest craniates, and in this group the mouth parts are simple without any jaw elements. It is the condition where the animals show a very old vertebrate body plan which is already present … Read more
What Is Induced Breeding (hypophysation)? Induced breeding is the process in which fishes are stimulated to reproduce under controlled conditions when natural spawning does not occur in captivity. It is the technique where hormonal preparations are used to activate the maturation of gonads and to release the gametes. This is referred to as hypophysation because … Read more
The fate of pyruvate is the different metabolic pathway in which pyruvate can enter after it is formed at the end of glycolysis. It is the process that depend on the presence or absence of oxygen in the cell environment. In aerobic condition, pyruvate is moved into the mitochondria where it is converted into Acetyl-CoA, … Read more
Different forms of DNA exist because the molecule can shift its structure when the surrounding conditions is changed. It is the property of DNA to show polymorphism, and this is the reason why B-DNA is not the only form present in cells. It is observed that the B-form is the common right-handed helix under normal … Read more
A bioreactor is the vessel in which biological reactions is carried out in controlled conditions. It is the process where microorganisms, plant cells or animal cells are allowed to grow and produce useful products. It is designed as a closed container in which temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO) and nutrient level is maintained with the … Read more
What is Microtome? A microtome is a laboratory device that is used for cutting very thin sections of different materials for microscopic examination. It is the instrument by which uniform slices are produced, and it is the process that helps the light or the electron to pass through the specimen so that the internal structures … Read more
Latex agglutination test is a simple serological test where antigen and antibody reaction is made visible on the surface of latex particles. It is the process in which latex beads are coated either with antigen or with antibody and when a sample containing the corresponding component is added, the beads is clumped together forming visible … Read more
Agglutination Test is a serological test in which the antigen and antibody reaction is seen directly as visible clumping. It is the process where particulate antigen reacts with its homologous antibody and form aggregates called agglutinates. These aggregates can be seen with naked eyes. This reaction is specific because the antigen combines only with the … Read more
A spectrophotometer cuvette is a small optical cell that is used to hold the liquid sample during absorbance or transmittance measurement. It is usually made in a rectangular shape and two opposite sides are kept clear and highly polished so that the light beam can pass through the solution without scattering. It is the process … Read more
In Mounting technique, the specimen to be observed is held on a microscopic slide by using a coverslip.
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