14 min read 
What is Spleen? Definition of Spleen The spleen is a large organ located on the left side of the body, below the diaphragm. It acts as a blood filter and plays important roles in immune function, removing old red blood cells, recycling iron, and storing a reserve of blood cells. It is part of the … Read more
10 min read 
What is Immunoglobulin G (IgG Antibody)? Definition of Immunoglobulin G (IgG Antibody) Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most common type of antibody in the human body, representing approximately 75% of serum antibodies. It plays a crucial role in protecting against bacterial and viral infections by binding to specific antigens and activating immune responses. Structure of … Read more
9 min read 
What is Active Immunization? Definition of Active Immunization Active immunization refers to the process of inducing immunity in an individual by administering a vaccine or exposing them to a specific pathogen, triggering an immune response and the development of lasting protection against future infections. Mechanism of Active Immunization Active immunization works by stimulating the immune … Read more
12 min read 
What is Immunoglobulin A (IgA Antibody)? Definition of Immunoglobulin A (IgA Antibody) Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is an antibody that plays a key role in the immune function of mucous membranes. It is the second most abundant immunoglobulin in the body and provides protection against antigens and pathogens in the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and genitourinary tracts. Subclasses … Read more
24 min read 
What is Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissues (MALT)? Features of Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissues (MALT) Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) exhibits several distinctive features: MALT’s unique features highlight its role in mucosal immunity, allowing it to mount specific immune responses at the mucosal surfaces of different tissues. By generating and secreting IgA antibodies and facilitating various immune … Read more
16 min read 
What is Immunoglobulin M (IgM Antibody)? Definition of Immunoglobulin M (IgM Antibody) Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody is the first antibody produced by the immune system in response to an infection or foreign substance. It is a large pentameric antibody that plays a crucial role in the body’s initial immune response. Fundamentals of IgM IgM, or … Read more
18 min read 
What is Non-Specific Immune Response? Protection Mechanisms that Anticipate Infection 1. Anatomical Barriers 2. Physiological Barriers 3. Cellular Barriers 4. Complements Infection-Induced Defensive Mechanisms 1. Fever 2. Inflammation Response 3. Interferons FAQ References
24 min read 
What is an inflammation? Definition of inflammation Inflammation is the immune system’s response to injury or infection, characterized by redness, swelling, warmth, and pain at the affected site. Causes of inflammation Inflammation can be triggered by a variety of factors, each capable of initiating an inflammatory response. The following are among the most common causes: … Read more
11 min read 
What is Immunoglobulin D (IgD Antibody)? Properties Of Igd Measurement Of Igd The measurement of IgD, an immunoglobulin found in body fluids, has evolved over time with the development of more sensitive techniques. This article explores various methods used to measure IgD and discusses the challenges and considerations associated with each method. From traditional techniques … Read more
21 min read 
What are mast cells? Definition of mast cells Mast cells are a type of immune cell found in connective tissue that are involved in allergic reactions, immune responses, inflammation, and wound healing. They contain granules rich in histamine and play a crucial role in the body’s defense against pathogens. Structure of Mast cell Types of … Read more