What is Opsonization? Definition of Opsonization Opsonization is the process of coating antigens with molecules called opsonins, which mark them for recognition and engulfment by immune cells, enhancing the efficiency of the immune response. Antibody-mediated Opsonization Complement-mediated Opsonization What are Opsonins? Types of Opsonins Opsonins involved in the immune system are diverse and include several … Read more
Basophils are an immunological cell type that release enzyme-containing granules during allergic responses and asthma crises. Basophil is a type of white blood cell that, together with neutrophils and eosinophils, belongs to the granulocytes category. They contain several chemicals, including histamine and heparin. As part of the body’s immune response, basophils degranulate (split open) to … Read more
Phagocytosis refers to the process in which cells consume large particles (>0.5 micrometers) and vesicle-bound membrane vesicles known as phagosomes. These vesicles are then directed to the lysosomes where they will be subjected to enzymatic degrading. Optonization of bacteria can greatly enhance phagocytosis. Although phagocytosis may occur without the attachment of an IgG or complement fragment (C3), it can be greatly enhanced by attaching a specific IgG.
What is Vaccine? Definition of Vaccines Vaccines are medical preparations that stimulate the immune system to provide protection against specific diseases by promoting the production of antibodies and immune memory. How do vaccines work in Immune System? Types of Vaccines Vaccines can be classified into three main groups based on their composition and mode of … Read more
What are Natural Killer (NK) Cells? Definition of NK Cells NK cells, short for Natural Killer cells, are a type of lymphocyte that is part of the innate immune system. They have cytotoxic activity against virus-infected cells and stressed cells like tumor cells. NK cells can recognize and eliminate abnormal cells without the need for … Read more
What are Monoclonal Antibodies? Definition of Monoclonal Antibodies Monoclonal antibodies are artificial antibodies produced in a laboratory by fusing immune cells with cancer cells. They are highly specific in targeting and binding to specific antigens on cells, making them valuable tools in medical research and treatment of diseases, including cancer. Types of monoclonal antibodies based … Read more
What is Complement? Functional categories of Complement Components Complement components can be classified into seven functional categories: 1. Initiator complement components 2. Enzymatic mediators 3. Membrane-binding components or opsonins 4. Inflammatory mediators 5. Membrane attack proteins 6. Complement receptor proteins 7. Regulatory complement components FAQ
What are Lymphocytes? Lymphocytes are a specialized type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune system’s adaptive response. They are the key mediators of both humoral and cellular immunity. Here are some important points about lymphocytes: Definition of Lymphocytes Lymphocytes are specialized white blood cells that are crucial for the … Read more
What is Immunogenicity? A. Properties of Immunogen 1. Foreignness 2. Molecular Size 3. Chemical Nature and Heterogeneity 4. Physical form 5. Susceptibility to antigen processing and presentation B. Biological System of Host FAQ
What is Indirect ELISA? Indirect ELISA Principle The principle of an indirect ELISA involves the use of two binding steps to detect and quantify specific antibodies in a sample. The first step involves the incubation of the primary antibody with the antigen of interest. The primary antibody specifically recognizes and binds to the target antigen, … Read more
We've detected that you are using AdBlock Plus or some other adblocking software which is preventing the page from fully loading.
We don't have any banner, Flash, animation, obnoxious sound, or popup ad. We do not implement these annoying types of ads!
We need money to operate the site, and almost all of it comes from our online advertising.
Please add biologynotesonline.com to your ad blocking whitelist or disable your adblocking software.
