Avatar for Sourav Pan

Sourav Pan

Founder of Biology Notes Online, Biology & Microbiology Educator, M.Sc. in Microbiology
Expertise
Microbiology, Immunology, Cell Biology, Molecular Biology, Genetics, Biotechnology, Biochemistry, Botany, Zoology
Education
University of Calcutta
Profile Last Updated: August 10, 2026

Sourav Pan is the founder and sole author of Biology Notes Online. He holds a Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) degree and an M.Sc. in Microbiology from the University of Calcutta. He creates educational resources covering microbiology, immunology, biotechnology, genetics, cell biology, botany, zoology, and other life-science subjects.

His goal is to make complex biological concepts easier to understand through well-structured, student-friendly articles based on academic textbooks, peer-reviewed research, and authoritative scientific sources. In addition to writing new content, he regularly reviews and updates articles to improve their accuracy, clarity, and educational value.

Heterozygous vs Homozygous – Key Differences

13 Difference Between Heterozygous and Homozygous

Homozygous Definition Heterozygous Definition What is the difference between heterozygous and homozygous individuals? Characters Homozygous Heterozygous Definition Homozygous is the presence of two copies of the same allele which codes for a particular trait. Heterozygous is the presence of two different copies of alleles of a particular gene. Alleles Homozygous individuals have either dominant or … Read more

Bacteria vs Virus – Key Differences & Similarities

Top 22 Difference Between Bacteria and Virus

The main difference between bacteria and viruses is based on their cellular structure and the way by which they multiply. Bacteria are unicellular organisms, whereas viruses are acellular and can multiply only after entering into a suitable host cell. A bacterial cell contains cytoplasm, ribosomes and DNA, and is able to synthesize its own proteins. … Read more

Static Quenching vs Dynamic Quenching – Key Differences

Difference between static quenching and dynamic quenching

What is Quenching ? Quenching relates to a process that reduces the fluorescence intensity of a supplied substance. A variety of methods can succeed in quenching, such as excited state reactions, energy transfer, complex-formation and collisional quenching. As an outcome, quenching is often profoundly dependent on pressure and temperature. Some examples of common chemical quenchers are … Read more

Bright-Field vs Phase-Contrast Microscopy – Key Differences

Difference Between Brightfield and Phase-contrast Microscope

14 Difference Between Brightfield and Phase-contrast Microscope Topic Brightfield Microscope Phase Contrast Microscope Invented by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1724) Frits Zernike (1888-1966) in 1932 Staining The Specimen Must be Stained before their observation under bright field Microscope. Staining is not required. Changes in refractive index This Microscope has no ability to alter the refractive index. … Read more

Bright-Field vs Fluorescence Microscopy – Key Differences

Difference Between Brightfield Microscope and Fluorescence Microscope

In My previous notes i have already discussed about Brightfield Microscope and Fluorescence Microscope, their working principle, parts, definition, application, advantages, disadvantages and light path. You can check them out. Difference Between Brightfield Microscope and Fluorescence Microscope. Topic Brightfield Microscope Fluorescence Microscope Invented by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1724) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1724) Fluorochromes Not required … Read more