BNO Team 
What is Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)? An illness affecting a portion of the urinary tract—that which comprises the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethral—is known as a urinary tract infection (UTI). Following are some salient features of urinary tract infections: Types of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) UTIs can attack various urinary system segments, causing varied symptoms. … Read more
An electron microscope is an instrument which produces an image of a sample by means of a beam of electrons. Optical microscopes use light to form an image, electron microscopes have greater resolution, and can be used to observe objects that are too small to be seen with an optical microscope. In a large variety … Read more
Larval Forms in Protochordates The larval forms of Protochordates, along with the subphylum Cephalochordata (lancelets) and Urochordata (tunicates), are central to the clarification of the phylogeny of Chordata. The larval stages of Protochordates exhibit very typical characteristics provided within all chordates, such as the presence of a notochord. The larval forms of Protochordates are essential … Read more
What is Theta model of DNA Replication? The theta model of DNA replication is a mechanism for DNA replication which occurs in circular DNA molecules, in particular, those of bacteria, and also the mitochondria and chloroplasts. True to its name, this replication process creates an intermediate structure during replication that resembles the Greek letter theta … Read more
What is Codon? Molecular biologists define a codon as three nucleotides of DNA or RNA. Such is said to code for some particular amino acid, but it may also work as a signal in the course of regulation during the synthesis of protein. In brief, life proceeds generation after generation due to complex steps that … Read more
What is Laboratory Incubator? An incubator serves as a temperature-controlled, insulated container that laboratories utilise for cultivating and maintaining various biological cultures. This essential piece of equipment creates optimal conditions necessary for growing microorganisms in artificial environments. Like most sophisticated lab instruments, it maintains precise control over environmental factors such as temp, moisture levels, and … Read more
What Is Bacterial Transformation? Bacterial Transformation Definition Bacterial transformation is the process by which a bacterium takes up free DNA from its environment and incorporates it into its genome, potentially expressing new traits. Principle of Bacterial Transformation Types of Bacterial Transformation Bacterial transformation can occur naturally or be induced artificially. Both forms allow bacteria to … Read more
What is Bacterial Conjugation? Bacterial Conjugation Definition Bacterial conjugation is a process of genetic exchange where DNA is transferred from a donor cell to a recipient cell through direct contact, typically mediated by a pilus. It is a key mechanism of horizontal gene transfer, often involving plasmids, and contributes to genetic diversity and the spread … Read more
Transduction refers to the transfer of a part of DNA between two bacteriums via a bacteriaophage.
Transduction is mediated by viruses.
What is DNA Replication? Definition of DNA Replication DNA replication is the biological process by which a cell duplicates its DNA molecule, producing two identical copies from one original DNA strand, ensuring the transmission of genetic information during cell division. DNA Replication Enzymes and Proteins DNA replication is a fundamental biological process, relying on various … Read more
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