Fluorescence Spectroscopy is an analytical method that studies the fluorescence emitted by a sample when it is excited by light (often UV or visible). Principle of Fluorescence Spectroscopy Applications of Fluorescence Spectroscopy in inorganic chemistry Special fluorimetric applications
What is a Water Bath? A Laboratory Water Bath can define as equipment used for maintaining constant temperature condition for samples during experiment or incubation process. It is basically consist of container filled with water, which heated to desired temperature and samples are placed inside for uniform heating purpose. The principle of operation based on … Read more
What is Laboratory Incubator? A Laboratory Incubator is described as a device that is used to grow and maintain microbial / cell cultures under controlled temperature, humidity, and gas conditions. The environment inside is usually kept stable, and temperature is controlled (often by thermostats/sensors), though fluctuations are caused by door openings. For mammalian cells, a … Read more
What is an autoclave? An autoclave is a device that is used for sterilization / disinfection by means of steam under pressure, and it is found in hospitals, labs, industry. Items are placed in a chamber where they are exposed to high-pressure saturated steam (commonly 121 °C for 15–20 minutes) so that microbes and spores … Read more
What is Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-PCR)? Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) is defined as a lab method in which RNA is converted into complementary DNA (cDNA) by an enzyme called reverse transcriptase, then that cDNA is amplified via PCR. The technique is used for detection, quantification of specific RNA molecules (eg mRNA, viral RNA) … Read more
What is Repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR)? Working Principle of rep-PCR The rep-PCR working principle is based on the occurrence of conserved repetitive DNA elements (REP, ERIC, BOX, GTG5 etc.), which are dispersed at multiple sites within prokaryotic genomes, and these elements serve as priming sites for amplification. By the use of specifically designed primers, annealing … Read more
What is Nanoparticle-Assisted PCR (nanoPCR)? Working Principle of Nanoparticle-Assisted PCR (nanoPCR) The nanoPCR method is introduced with nanoparticles (NPs) being added into a conventional PCR mixture which contains template DNA, primers, DNA polymerase, dNTPs, and buffer. With optimal NP size (often <100 nm) and concentration being selected, thermal conductivity is enhanced by NPs which accelerates … Read more
Types of PCR Here is the list of Types of PCR based on different categories; 1. Conventional PCR 2. High-fidelity PCR 3. Hot-Start PCR 4. Fast-cycling PCR 5. Touch down (TD) PCR 6. Real-Time PCR (qPCR) 7. Digital PCR (dPCR) 8. High-Resolution Melt (HRM) PCR 9. Reverse-Transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) 10. RT-qPCR – Real-time quantitative reverse transcription … Read more
A PCR machine is a common tool found in labs, especially if you’ve ever dealt with DNA testing or medical diagnostics. At its core, it’s designed to create millions of copies of a specific DNA segment, which sounds simple but is incredibly powerful for tasks like identifying infections, studying genetic mutations, or even solving crimes. … Read more
What is Electroporator (Electroporation machine)? An electroporator, often called an electroporation machine, is a lab instrument used to temporarily make cell membranes more permeable. Think of it as a precision tool that helps scientists sneak substances like DNA, drugs, or proteins into cells—something that’s tricky to do manually because cell membranes are naturally protective. The … Read more
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