Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is a type of antibody which is produced by plasma cells. It is mainly present in external secretion of body. It gives first protection in mucosal surface. It is found in saliva, tears, breast milk, respiratory tract secretion, gastrointestinal tract secretion and genitourinary tract secretion. So IgA is the major antibody of … Read more
Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) is a lymphoid tissue present in mucosal and submucosal lining of body. It protects mucosal surfaces from harmful antigen and microbes entering through digestive, respiratory and other tracts. Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) is a specialized lymphoid tissue present in the mucosal and submucosal lining of body. It is not … Read more
Immunoglobulin M (IgM Antibody) is a type of antibody that is produced by plasma cells during early immune response. It is the first antibody formed when any foreign antigen enters into the body. It acts as an important first line defence of the immune system. IgM is considered as the most ancient immunoglobulin of adaptive … Read more
Non-specific immune response is the inborn defence mechanism of body. It gives immediate and general protection against different pathogens. It does not need previous exposure and does not form immunological memory. Non-specific immune response is the immediate and natural defence system of the body. It is also called innate immunity. It is present from birth … Read more
Immunoglobulin D (IgD) is a type of antibody present in the immune system. It is also called IgD and it is one of the five major classes of immunoglobulins. It was discovered in 1965 and it is present in very low amount in the blood. IgD forms about 0.25% to 1% of the total serum … Read more
Mast cells are granulated immune cells present in connective tissues and body barrier sites. They release histamine, heparin and other mediators during inflammation, allergy and host defense. Mast cell is a specialized type of white blood cell which takes part in immune response. It is formed from bone marrow and later moves into tissues where … Read more
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a class of antibody found only in mammals. It is present in very small amount in blood but it is highly active. It mainly takes part in allergic reactions and defence against parasitic infections. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a type of antibody that is present only in mammals. It plays an … Read more
Macrophage is a specialized cell of innate immune system. It is present in all vertebrates and acts as the first line of defence against the invading microorganisms. It is derived from hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow and also from early embryonic cell population. These cells are present in almost all tissues of the body. … Read more
Immunofluorescence assay (IF) is a fluorescence based immunological technique used for detection and localization of specific antigen or protein in cells and tissues by using fluorescent labelled antibody. Immunofluorescence assay (IF) is a technique used for detection of specific antigen or protein in the cells and tissues. It is a microscopic method. In this method … Read more
Antiviral drugs are the drugs used for the treatment and prevention of viral infections. They are not similar to antibiotics. Antibiotics kill or destroy bacteria but antiviral drugs generally do not kill the viruses. They mainly inhibit the multiplication of virus. These drugs are mostly virustatic in nature. It means they suppress the virus and … Read more
