An electron microscope is an instrument which produces an image of a sample by means of a beam of electrons. Optical microscopes use light to form an image, electron microscopes have greater resolution, and can be used to observe objects that are too small to be seen with an optical microscope. In a large variety … Read more
What is cryo-EM? Principle of cryo EM Types of cryo EM Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is a collection of special methods. These are broadly categorized into two types, mainly cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM). Each has its own advantage in the analysis of biological samples in their native state, frozen by cryo-preparation. … Read more
What is Baran Pipette Column? Principle of Baran Pipette Column Principles of adsorption chromatography are used in the Baran pipette column. In this technique, the separation of compounds is achieved through their differential interactions with two key phases: in the stationary phase and the mobile phase. The pasteur pipette is packed with a stationary phase, … Read more
What is gas chromatography? Gas chromatography (GC) is a sophisticated technique that separates, identifies, and quantifies chemical components in complex mixtures. It operates on the principle of distributing the components between a mobile phase and a stationary phase. In GC, the mobile phase is an inert gas like helium, and it acts as a carrier … Read more
What is Fish migration? Fish migration is the active, regular movement of fish populations from one place to another, often over long distances and various environments. This behavior is critical to the survival of fish and is a function of varied ecological, environmental, and biological factors. Fish migration is specific to different fish species, ranging … Read more
What is Theta model of DNA Replication? The theta model of DNA replication is a mechanism for DNA replication which occurs in circular DNA molecules, in particular, those of bacteria, and also the mitochondria and chloroplasts. True to its name, this replication process creates an intermediate structure during replication that resembles the Greek letter theta … Read more
Epi-Fluorescence Microscopy is defined as an optical imaging method, which is employed in laboratories for visualization of fluorescent-labeled samples. The technique is widely described as an essential approach, and it has been repeatedly applied in cell studies, tissue examinations, and even in material analysis. In this method, illumination is delivered from the same side / … Read more
What is a Telomere? Telomeres are crucial components found at the ends of chromosomes. They are made up of repetitive nucleotide sequences that protect the genetic material from damage. Each time a cell divides, the telomeres shorten, playing a key role in cellular aging and health. Here’s a breakdown of what telomeres are, how they … Read more
What is Telomerase? Telomerase (terminal transferase) is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme that extends telomeres, the repetitive nucleotide sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. Telomeres function as protective caps, stopping chromosome ends from being erroneously perceived as DNA damage or from bonding with neighboring chromosomes. Most eukaryotes use telomerase to maintain their telomeres, but some organisms, … Read more
What Are Telomeres (telomere)? At the ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes are specialized structures called telomeres. DNA degradation is prevented by repetitive nucleotide sequences of the telomere, which caps and so stabilizes chromosomal DNA during cell division. The termini of chromosomes not only have no translation product but instead have a highly important role in … Read more
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