Cryo Electron Microscopy – Principle, Procedure, Advantages, Limitations and Applications

Cryo Electron Microscopy - Principle, Strengths, Limitations and Applications

What is cryo-EM? Principle of cryo EM Types of cryo EM Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) encompasses several specialized techniques, primarily divided into two main types: cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM). Each technique offers distinct advantages for studying biological specimens in their native, vitrified state. How does cryo EM work? – Protocol of … Read more

Freeze Fracture Technique – Principle, Protocol, Applications

Freeze Fracture Technique - Principle, Protocol, Applications

What is Freeze Fracture Technique? Principle of Freeze Fracture Technique The principle of the freeze-fracture technique is based on the physical separation of biological membranes at their hydrophobic core when the sample is frozen and then fractured. Here are the key aspects of this principle: Overall, the freeze-fracture technique provides valuable insights into the functional … Read more

7 Best Books for Genetics and Plant Breeding

7 Best Books for Genetics and Plant Breeding

Embarking on a journey into the fields of genetics and plant breeding requires a solid foundation of knowledge and resources. This article explores the top books that provide comprehensive insights into these dynamic disciplines. From foundational texts that cover fundamental genetic principles to specialized volumes focusing on advanced plant breeding techniques, this curated list offers … Read more

Polyploidy in Plant Breeding

Polyploidy in Plant Breeding

Polyploidy plays a pivotal role in plant breeding, especially in enhancing the genetic diversity and adaptability of crops. Polyploidy refers to the condition in which a plant has more than two complete sets of chromosomes, a state that naturally occurs due to irregularities in mitotic or meiotic divisions. These irregularities can lead to an increase … Read more

Distant Hybridization – Definition, Objectives, Barriers, Techniques, Limitations

Schematic diagram of the distant hybridization breeding system between AA and BB genome species concerned

What is Distant Hybridization (Wide hybridization)? Definition of Distant Hybridization Distant hybridization, or wide hybridization, refers to the crossing of individuals from different species or genera that are more distantly related than varieties within the same species, aiming to introduce novel traits and increase genetic diversity. History of Distant Hybridization Objectives of Distant Hybridization Barriers … Read more

Mutation Breeding – Mutations in Crop Improvement

Mutation Breeding - Mutations in Crop Improvement

Mutations play a significant role in crop improvement by introducing genetic variability, which can be harnessed to develop new and improved crop varieties. A mutation is defined as a sudden and heritable change in an organism’s characteristics. This definition implies that the change must be inheritable, though it does not specify the genetic mechanisms underlying … Read more

Difference Between Heterosis and Inbreeding Depression

Difference Between Heterosis and Inbreeding Depression

What is Heterosis? Heterosis, commonly known as hybrid vigor, refers to the phenomenon where the offspring of two genetically different parents exhibit greater vigor, growth, yield, or other desirable traits than either of the parent strains. This increased performance in hybrids is a key concept in plant breeding and agriculture. Here’s a closer look at … Read more

Differences Between Dominance and Overdominance Hypotheses

Differences Between Dominance and Overdominance Hypotheses

What is Dominance Hypotheses? The Dominance Hypothesis refers to a concept in plant breeding and genetics that deals with the expression of traits in offspring based on the dominance of alleles. It essentially posits that in a heterozygous state, one allele (the dominant allele) can mask the expression of another allele (the recessive allele). Here’s … Read more

Differences Between Pureline Selection and Mass Selection

Differences Between Pureline Selection and Mass Selection

What is Pureline Selection? Pureline selection is a plant breeding method used to develop new varieties from a single genotype or “pure line.” This approach is based on selecting and propagating individuals that consistently exhibit desirable traits, aiming to create a genetically uniform and stable line. Here’s how it typically works: Pureline selection is particularly … Read more

Differences between bulk and pedigree methods

Differences between bulk and pedigree methods

What is bulk Method? The bulk method is a plant breeding technique used to develop new varieties by selecting plants with desirable traits through repeated cycles of selection and propagation. Here’s a brief overview of how it works: The bulk method is often used in the early stages of breeding programs to quickly evaluate and … Read more

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