A microtome is a scientific instrument used to cut very thin slices of material, typically for use in microscopy. The material being sliced can be a variety of things, including biological tissue, plant specimens, or materials for industrial or electronic purposes. The microtome works by holding the material in place and then moving a blade … Read more

A compound microscope is a class of optical or light microscope. I have already discussed about basics of a microscope on my previous note “Parts of Microscope with their Functions and Working Principle”, you can check them to get an idea about from which class compound microscope belongs and what is a microscope, and more. … Read more

What is Pulsed-field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE)? Principle of Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) The principle of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revolves around the separation of DNA fragments based on their size using an electric field. In conventional gel electrophoresis, small DNA fragments migrate more easily through the gel matrix than large fragments. However, when dealing … Read more

What is PCR Machine? Principle of PCR The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is based on a set of principles that enable the amplification of specific DNA sequences. The key components involved in PCR are the template DNA, DNA primers, DNA polymerase enzyme, and deoxynucleotide substrates. The principle of PCR begins with the selection of a … Read more

What is Electroporator (Electroporation machine)? What is Electroporation? Definition of Electroporator (Electroporation machine) An electroporator is a scientific instrument or device used in molecular biology and genetic engineering to facilitate the process of electroporation. Electroporation involves the application of electric pulses to cells in order to create temporary pores in their cell membranes, allowing the … Read more

What is a micropipette? What is the purpose of pipetting? Pipetting is the process of accurately measuring and dispensing specific volumes of liquid using a laboratory tool called a pipette. The main purpose of pipetting is to ensure precise and accurate manipulation of small volumes of liquid, which is essential in various laboratory applications such … Read more

What is Chromatography? What is Column Chromatography? Forms of Column Chromatography There are two forms of column chromatography. These different forms of column chromatography offer versatile options for separating and analyzing various types of compounds and mixtures. They find applications in diverse scientific fields, including pharmaceuticals, environmental analysis, forensic investigations, and biomolecular research. Principle of … Read more

What is a Spectrophotometer? Definition of Spectrophotometer A spectrophotometer is a laboratory instrument that measures the amount of light absorbed by a sample and is used to determine properties such as concentration or absorption patterns of substances. Principle of Spectrophotometer Spectrophotometry is a scientific technique that quantifies the intensity of light as a function of … Read more

A Single-Use Bioreactor (SUB) is a type of bioreactor that is used for a single batch of culture and then disposed of, as opposed to being cleaned and reused. The bioreactor is made of plastic or other disposable materials, such as polymeric bags or containers. These materials are used for the cultivation of cells, microorganisms, … Read more

A tissue homogenizer is a laboratory tool used to disrupt cells and tissues by mechanical means, such as grinding, blending, or shaking. It is commonly used in biology and biochemistry research to extract cellular components, such as proteins and nucleic acids, for further analysis. Homogenizers come in different types, including manual and mechanical versions, and … Read more