Sourav Pan
11 min read 
Microbiology laboratories require well-built rooms that are equipped with tools, glassware and equipment. Test tubes, culture tubes, Petri dishes and Erlenmeyer flasks are the most important types of glassware in a microbiological lab. 1. Test tube Usually composed of glass or transparent plastic, a test tube is a standard piece of laboratory equipment distinguished by … Read more
14 min read 
What is an Inverted Microscope? An inverted microscope is literally an inverted microscope. The lights and lenses are positioned above the specimen stage and the objective lenses are below. This allows the user to critically observe the samples from below; this is important because many living specimens and cells to be observed are in petri … Read more
17 min read 
What is Dark Field Microscopy? Darkfield microscopy is a form of light microscopy that facilitates detection by contrast. For example, brightfield microscopy uses a light source that shines light directly through the sample in order to illuminate the sample from below; darkfield microscopy uses a condenser that shines light at an oblique angle so that … Read more
17 min read 
What is Fluorescence Microscopy? A fluorescence microscope is an optical microscope that employs fluorescence for examining specific properties of select organic and inorganic substances. A fluorescence microscope functions by observing labeled samples; the labels here are the specific fluorescent molecules (or clusters of molecules)—termed fluorophores—that emit light when stimulated at specific frequencies. Components of a … Read more
10 min read 
What is Semiconductor Sequencing? Semiconductor sequencing is the integration of microchip technology with DNA sequencing where electrical signals replace the detection of light. This sequencing method is unique because it uses complementary metal-oxide semiconductor chips associated with sequencing by synthesis chemistry; so, in this respect, it opens up opportunities to make DNA analysis quicker and … Read more
31 min read 
What is Thyroid Gland? Definition of Thyroid Gland The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped endocrine organ located in the anterior neck that produces hormones such as thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and calcitonin, which regulate metabolism, growth, and calcium homeostasis. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the body’s metabolic rate and overall hormonal balance. Anatomical … Read more
17 min read 
What is cryo-EM? Principle of cryo EM Types of cryo EM Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is a collection of special methods. These are broadly categorized into two types, mainly cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM). Each has its own advantage in the analysis of biological samples in their native state, frozen by cryo-preparation. … Read more
14 min read 
What is Baran Pipette Column? Principle of Baran Pipette Column Principles of adsorption chromatography are used in the Baran pipette column. In this technique, the separation of compounds is achieved through their differential interactions with two key phases: in the stationary phase and the mobile phase. The pasteur pipette is packed with a stationary phase, … Read more
4 revisions 45 min read 
What is an autoclave? An autoclave is a device which finds applications in numerous scientific and medical institutions. Its work principle lies in using the pressure of steam for the cleansing of equipment and materials. During the autoclaving process, the following kinds of germs are killed: bacteria, viruses, and spores. The basic idea of autoclave … Read more
40 min read 
What is gas chromatography? Gas chromatography (GC) is a sophisticated technique that separates, identifies, and quantifies chemical components in complex mixtures. It operates on the principle of distributing the components between a mobile phase and a stationary phase. In GC, the mobile phase is an inert gas like helium, and it acts as a carrier … Read more