BNO Team

A centrosome is an organelle present in eukaryotic cells that serves as the main microtubule organizing center. It is composed of two centrioles, which are cylindrical structures made up of microtubules arranged in a nine-fold symmetry, and a matrix of proteins that surround and support the centrioles. The centrosome plays a critical role in various … Read more

What are Lipids? What is Membrane Lipid? Characteristics of Membrane Lipids Membrane lipids have several key characteristics, including: Overall, the characteristics of membrane lipids are important for the structure, function, and regulation of cell membranes, and can have significant impacts on cellular processes and signaling pathways. Composition of Membrane Lipid 1. Glycerol‐based lipids Glycerol-based lipids … Read more

Passive Transport Definition What is Diffusion? Factors affects the rate of Diffusion Characteristics of Passive Transport Overall, passive transport allows for the movement of molecules or ions across the cell membrane without requiring the cell to expend energy. Types Of Passive Transport There are four types of passive transport: 1. Simple Diffusion Factors affecting on … Read more

What is Membrane Protein? Membrane proteins are proteins that are embedded within or attached to the lipid bilayer of a cell membrane. These proteins play crucial roles in various cellular functions, including cell signaling, transport of molecules, and structural support. Location of Membrane Proteins Membrane proteins are connected with the cell membrane, the lipid bilayer … Read more

What are Monocytes? Definition of Monocytes Monocytes are a type of white blood cell that serves as an immune effector cell. They are part of the innate immune system and play a critical role in phagocytosis, antigen presentation, and cytokine secretion. Monocytes differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells, contributing to immune defense against pathogens and … Read more

The extrinsic pathway of apoptosis is a process whereby cells initiate programmed cell death in response to external signals, such as those from neighbouring cells or the immune system. This route is activated by the binding of particular ligands to cell surface death receptors, such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF) or Fas ligand. The binding … Read more

Intracellular stimuli, such as DNA damage, predominantly trigger apoptosis via the intrinsic route. The intrinsic apoptosis pathway, which is comprised of conserved signalling proteins, is physically connected with mitochondria and sensitive to mitochondrial oxidative stress in vertebrates. Members of the Bcl family linked to the mitochondrial membrane have an effect on the process, including the … Read more

What are Platelets (Thrombocytes)? Platelets (Thrombocytes) Definition Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, are anucleated cells derived from megakaryocytic cells in the bone marrow. They are the second most abundant cells in the blood circulation and play a crucial role in maintaining hemostasis by initiating blood clotting. Platelets also have non-hemostatic immune functions and can release … Read more

Storage Granules Definition Structure of Storage Granules Storage Granules in Bacteria Storage Granules Function Storage granules have several important functions in cells, including: Overall, storage granules play a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and allowing cells to adapt to changing environmental conditions. FAQ References