Agglutination Test – definition, Types, Uses, Advantages, Disadvantages

Toolmakers Microscope - Principle, Procedure, Parts, Applications

In this article we will learn about Agglutination test definition, Types, Uses, Advantages, Disadvantages, Aim of Agglutination Test, Specimen collection, application of Agglutination test and finally Examples of Agglutination test. Agglutination Test Agglutination Test is a clinical assay used for the detection of Antibody or Antigen in body fluids such as saliva, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, … Read more

Immunodiffusion Reaction 

Immunodiffusion reaction 

Immunodiffusion refers to the movement of antigen or antibody within the gel. Add the reactants to the wells. They diffuse to the area of lower/no concentration. A gradient of the reactants’ concentration forms as they diffuse into the gel. Immunoprecipitation takes place in a region with an equivalent concentration of both the antibody and antigen. This is represented by bands.

Flow Cytometry – Principle, Process, Uses

Flow cytometry Principle, Process, Uses

What is Flow cytometry? Flow cytometry Instrumentation Flow cytometry Principle Information Obtained from Flow cytometry  The flow cytometer has various clinical and scientific applications. The determination of the type and amount of white blood cells in blood samples is a typical clinical application. By treating properly processed blood samples with a fluorescently tagged antibody and … Read more

Tumor – Types, Tumor Antigens, Risk Factors

Tumors - Types, Tumor Antigens, Risk Factors

What is a tumor? Risk factors for tumors Types of Tumors There is three types of Tumors such as; 1. Cancerous or Malignant Tumor Types of malignant tumors Examples of Cancerous or Malignant Tumor 2. Noncancerous or Benign Types of benign tumors Examples of Noncancerous or Benign Adenomas Fibroids Fibroids, also known as fibromas, are … Read more

Immunotherapy For Tumors

Immunotherapy For Tumors

Oncologists and immunologists have long been optimistic about the potential of immunologic techniques to treat cancer patients. The primary interest in an immunologic approach stems from the fact that the majority of existing cancer treatments rely on medications that kill dividing cells or stop cell division, and these treatments have severe side effects on normal … Read more

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) 

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) 

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an uncommon inherited primary immunological weakness that affects particular white blood cells (neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, eosinophils). The illness is characterised by a failure to resist certain bacterial and fungal infections and a propensity to develop persistent inflammation. Life-threatening recurrent fungal and bacterial infections affecting the skin, … Read more

Immunodeficiencies – Definition, Types, Animal models(Nude and SCID mice)

Immunodeficiencies - Definition, Types, Animal models(Nude and SCID mice)

What is Immunodeficiency? General Features Of Immunodeficiency Diseases Prior to beginning our examination of specific disorders, it is necessary to review some common characteristics of immunodeficiencies. Classification of Immunodeficiency Immunodeficiency diseases are categorised as A. Congenital or Primary Immunodeficiencies 1. B-Cell Immunodeficiencies (a) X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia, (b) selective immunoglobulin deficiencies, (c) hyperIgM syndrome, and (d) interleukin-12 … Read more

Animal Models for Autoimmune Diseases

Animal Models for Autoimmune Diseases

Animal models of autoimmune illnesses have provided invaluable insights into the mechanism of autoimmunity, human autoimmunity, and prospective therapies. Certain inbred animal breeds develop autoimmunity naturally, and autoimmunity can also be caused by certain experimental procedures. Autoimmunity Can Develop Spontaneously in Animals Autoimmunity Can Be Induced Experimentally in Animals

Hypersensitivity – Definition, Types, Mechanisms, Examples

Hypersensitivity - Definition, Types, Mechanisms, Examples

What is Hypersensitivity? Definition of Hypersensitivity Hypersensitivity is an abnormal and exaggerated response of the immune system to a substance (antigen) that is usually harmless. It can lead to allergic reactions and immune-related diseases. Causes Of Hypersensitivity Diseases Hypersensitivity is caused by various immune responses that can be triggered by different types of antigens. The … Read more

Cytotoxic T cells – Development, Activation, Functions

Cytotoxic T cells

What is a Cytotoxic T cell? Development of CD8+ T cells Effector CTLs Are Generated from CTL Precursors Activation and differentiation of CD8+ T cells Cytotoxicity Mediated by CD8+ T Role in anti-viral immunity Role in anti-tumor immunity What are Memory CD8+ T cells? All of these effector and memory subsets work together to generate … Read more

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