Zoology - Biology Notes Online

Natural Selection – Definition, Theory, Types, Examples

By Sourav Pan Published on October 26, 2024 19 min readby Sourav Pan

Natural Selection - Definition, Theory, Types, Examples

What is Natural Selection? Definition of Natural Selection Natural selection is the process by which organisms with traits better suited to their environment tend to survive, reproduce, and pass those beneficial traits to future generations, leading to gradual evolutionary changes in a population. History of Natural Selection Natural selection, the central concept of Darwin’s theory … Read more

What is Continuing Evolution? – AP Biology Notes

By Sourav Pan Published on October 25, 2024 10 min readby Sourav Pan

What is Continuing Evolution? - AP Biology Notes

What is Continuing Evolution? Evolution as an Ongoing Process Evolution is a continuous phenomenon, where populations of organisms undergo various changes over time due to numerous biological processes. Understanding these processes is crucial for both students and educators, as they illustrate the dynamic nature of life on Earth. Below are key components that highlight the … Read more

Common Ancestry – Definition, Theory, Evidence

By Sourav Pan Published on October 25, 2024 10 min readby Sourav Pan

What is Common Ancestry? The theory of common ancestry The theory of common ancestry posits that all life on Earth descends from a singular “universal common ancestor.” This foundational concept in evolutionary biology provides insight into the interconnectedness of all living organisms and how they have evolved over time through adaptation to their environments. Predictions … Read more

Speciation – Definition, Causes, Types, Process

By Sourav Pan Published on October 25, 2024 21 min readby Sourav Pan

Speciation - Definition, Causes, Types, Process

What is Speciation? Definition of Speciation Speciation is the evolutionary process through which new, genetically distinct species arise from an existing species, often due to reproductive isolation and genetic differentiation between populations. This can occur via mechanisms such as allopatric or sympatric speciation. Factors Influencing Speciation Speciation, or the process by which new species arise, … Read more

Biological Fitness – Definition, Influence of Factors, Examples

By Sourav Pan Published on October 23, 2024 21 min readby Sourav Pan

Biological Fitness - Definition, Influence of Factors, Examples

What is Biological Fitness? Definition of Biological Fitness Biological fitness is the ability of an organism to survive, reproduce, and pass on its genes in a specific environment. It reflects how well an organism’s traits help it adapt to environmental conditions, ensuring the continuation of its genetic material across generations. Distinguishing Biological Fitness from Exercise … Read more

Blood pressure and its regulation

By Sourav Pan Published on October 6, 2024 9 min readby Sourav Pan

What is Blood pressure? Factors Regulating Blood Pressure The regulation of blood pressure is a complex and dynamic process that involves multiple systems working together to maintain homeostasis. Even under normal physiological conditions, arterial blood pressure can exhibit variability. However, the body employs four primary regulatory systems to ensure that blood pressure remains within acceptable … Read more

Electrocardiogram (ECG) – Purpose, Principle, Parts, Types, Procedure, Application

By Sourav Pan Published on October 6, 2024 25 min readby Sourav Pan

What is Electrocardiogram (ECG)? Purpose of ECG Test The electrocardiogram (ECG) test is a fundamental diagnostic tool utilized in cardiology to assess the heart’s electrical activity and rhythm. Its purposes are multifaceted, enabling healthcare providers to detect, diagnose, and monitor various cardiac conditions effectively. Working principle of electrocardiograph/Electrocardiogram Waves of Normal ECG A normal electrocardiogram … Read more

Regulation of Heart Rate – Nervous And Chemical Regulation

By Sourav Pan Published on October 6, 2024 8 min readby Sourav Pan

The regulation of heart rate is a critical component of cardiovascular physiology, influencing overall heart function and health. Heart rate (HR) is defined as the number of times the heart beats within a minute. Together with stroke volume (SV), which is the volume of blood ejected from each ventricle during a single contraction, heart rate … Read more

Frank-Starling Law of the heart

By Sourav Pan Published on October 6, 2024 11 min readby Sourav Pan

Cardiac function curve. In diagrams illustrating the Frank–Starling law of the heart

What is Frank-Starling Law? Mechanism of the Frank-Starling mechanism The mechanism underlying left ventricular performance is intricately linked to the Frank-Starling Law, which establishes the relationship between preload and cardiac output. This relationship can be observed through the Frank-Starling curves, which depict how variations in left ventricular end-diastolic volume (EDV) or pressure influence stroke volume … Read more

Cardiac Conduction – Cardiovascular System Physiology

By Sourav Pan Published on October 6, 2024 27 min readby Sourav Pan

What is Heart Conduction System? Components of Heart Conduction System The heart conduction system is a specialized network that plays a critical role in maintaining the heart’s rhythm and ensuring effective blood circulation throughout the body. This system consists of various components, each with unique functions that contribute to the synchronized contraction of the heart … Read more