Feeder Pathway – Pathways, Mechanism, Importance

Feeder Pathways for Glycolysis

Feeder pathway is the metabolic process in which different non-glucose carbohydrates are changed into intermediates that can enter glycolysis. It is the process that allows fructose, galactose, mannose and stored polysaccharides like glycogen to be converted into common glycolytic compounds. These intermediates then move into the normal glycolytic steps for further breakdown. In this pathway … Read more

Models of Energy Flow in a Ecosystem – Linear and Y-shaped food chains

Models of Energy Flow in a Ecosystem - Linear and Y-shaped food chains

Energy flow in an ecosystem is the process by which energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next, and it is always unidirectional. It is the sun that acts as the major source of energy for most ecosystems and this solar energy is captured by the producers through photosynthesis. It is converted into … Read more

Transposable elements – Definition, Types, Examples, Application

Transposable elements - Definition, Types, Examples, Application

Transposable elements can be described as mobile genetic segments that is able to move from one position of the genome to another without the need of any homology. It is the process where small DNA sequences is shifted or sometimes replicated inside the chromosomes, and this movement is referred to as transposition. It is seen … Read more

Transposition – Definition, Types, Mechanism

Transposition - Definition, Types, Mechanism

What is Transposition? Transposition is the process in which a particular DNA sequence is shifted from one position of the genome to another position. It is the movement of a transposable element or jumping gene, and it is not dependent on any homologous sequence at the target site. It is the process that may occur … Read more

Simmons Citrate Agar – Principle, Composition, Procedure, Result, uses

Simmons citrate agar test

Simmons Citrate Agar is a chemically defined medium in which sodium citrate act as the only carbon source and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate act as the only nitrogen source. It is the medium developed as a modification of Koser’s citrate medium and it is used mainly to differentiate members of Enterobacteriaceae. It is the process in … Read more

Gelatin Hydrolysis Test – Purpose, Principle, Procedure, Result.

Gelatin Hydrolysis Test Purpose, Principle, Procedure, Result.

The gelatin proteins derived from the animal connective tissue, collagen. Gelatin is produced when collagen is boiled in water. A gelatin hydrolysis test is used to detects the presence of gelatinases. Gelatinases are extracellularly secreted by some bacteria which hydrolyze or digest gelatin.

CAMP Test – Principle, Procedure, Result, Uses

Christie, Atkins, and Munch-Peterson (CAMP) test

CAMP Test was first discovered by four researchers Christie, Atkins, Munch, and Peterson in 1944, that’s why this test is also known as Christie–Atkins–Munch-Peterson test.

Reverse CAMP test – Principle, Procedure, Result, Uses

Reverse CAMP test

In this method, the Group B Streptococcus (CAMP test positive) is streaked in the center of sheep blood agar, and Clostridium perfringens is streaked perpendicular to it.

Biuret Test For Protein – Principle, Procedure, Result, Uses

Biuret Test For Protein Principle, Procedure, Result, Application.

Proteins are polymers of amino acids. They are complex organic compounds containing nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen. Proteins are abundant in our everyday food e.g. egg, soya bean, pulses, fish, milk etc.

Tollens’ Test – Definition, Principle, Procedure, Result, Application

Tollens’ Test Definition, Principle, Procedure, Result, Application.

It is a type of biochemical test which is used to distinguish reducing sugars from non-reducing sugars. This biochemical test is also known as the silver mirror test based on the end product of this test. This test was also used to differentiate between aldehydes and ketones through routine qualitative organic analysis.