Sourav Pan
24 min read 
What are root hair cells? Structure of Root Hair Root hairs are slender, tubular extensions of epidermal cells located at the root tips, specializing in water and nutrient absorption. Their unique structure is optimized for efficient interaction with the soil environment, allowing plants to maximize the uptake of essential resources. Key Components of Root Hair … Read more
11 min read 
What are animal and plant cells? Animal and plant cells serve as the building blocks of life for animals and plants, respectively. Both are eukaryotic cells, meaning they contain a true nucleus and specialized organelles, but they also display significant structural and functional differences. Animal Cells Animal cells are generally smaller and have a flexible, … Read more
18 min read 
Wha is Stomata? Definition of Stomata Stomata are tiny pores located on the epidermis of plant leaves and stems that regulate gas exchange, allowing carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water vapor to enter and exit the plant. Each stoma is flanked by guard cells that control its opening and closing, facilitating processes such as photosynthesis and … Read more
11 min read 
What is Calvin Cycle? The Calvin Cycle, also known as the C3 cycle or Calvin-Benson cycle, is a critical biochemical process in photosynthesis that enables plants to convert carbon dioxide into organic compounds, primarily glucose. Named after Melvin Calvin, who discovered the pathway in the 1950s, this cycle occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts in … Read more
42 min read 
What is Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)? Classification of HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is classified into two primary types: HIV-1 and HIV-2. Both types belong to the Retroviridae family, specifically under the genus Lentivirus. These viruses exhibit significant diversity, which is crucial for understanding their epidemiology, transmission dynamics, and treatment options. Morphology of HIV Virus … Read more
47 min read 
Classification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis The genus Mycobacterium comprises over 70 species, several of which are pathogenic to humans. The most notable among these is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium responsible for tuberculosis (TB). Understanding the classification of M. tuberculosis and its related species is crucial for medical research and public health. Culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis The … Read more
21 min read 
What is Osmosis? Definition of Osmosis Osmosis is the spontaneous movement of solvent molecules, typically water, through a selectively permeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration, aiming to equalize solute concentrations on both sides. How Does Osmosis Work? Osmosis is a fundamental process that facilitates the … Read more
26 min read 
What is Enzyme? Factors That Affects Enzyme Activity Enzyme activity, a crucial aspect of biological processes, is influenced by several key factors that dictate the rate and efficiency of enzymatic reactions. Understanding these factors is vital for comprehending the intricacies of enzyme functioning. Let us delve into the six main factors that affect enzyme activity: … Read more
19 min read 
What is Collagen? Definition of Collagen Collagen is the most abundant protein in the body, providing structural support to connective tissues such as skin, bones, tendons, and ligaments. It consists of a triple helix of amino acids, forming a framework that maintains the integrity and elasticity of various tissues. Collagen plays crucial roles in wound … Read more
15 min read 
What is Protein? Classification of protein On the Basis of Structure 1. Fibrous protein Fibrous proteins are a distinct category of proteins characterized by their elongated or fiber-like structure. These proteins are primarily found in animals and play specific roles in structural support. Therefore, understanding their nature, structure, and function is essential for a comprehensive … Read more