BNO Team 
20 min read 
What is Embryology? Definition of Embryology Embryology is the scientific study of the formation, development, and growth of embryos and fetuses within organisms. History of Embryology The historical trajectory of embryology is a testament to humanity’s enduring quest to understand the origins and development of life. This journey, spanning diverse civilizations, offers a rich tapestry … Read more
26 min read 
What is Embryonic Stem Cell? Definition of Embryonic Stem Cell Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent cells derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, an early-stage embryo, capable of differentiating into any cell type within an organism. History of Embryonic Stem Cell The history of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is marked by pioneering … Read more
13 min read 
What is Endosymbiosis? Definition of Endosymbiosis Endosymbiosis is a form of symbiosis in which one organism (the endosymbiont) lives inside the cells or body of another organism (the host), often resulting in mutual benefits for both entities. Endosymbiotic Theory The Endosymbiotic Theory offers a comprehensive explanation for the evolutionary transition from prokaryotic to eukaryotic cells. … Read more
44 min read 
What is Eukaryotic Cell? Definition of Eukaryotic Cell A eukaryotic cell is a type of cell characterized by a membrane-bound nucleus and the presence of various organelles within its cytoplasm, distinguishing it from prokaryotic cells which lack a true nucleus. Eukaryotic cells are found in organisms such as plants, animals, fungi, and many unicellular entities. … Read more
13 min read 
What is Food Vacuole? Definition of Food Vacuole A food vacuole is a membrane-bound organelle found in certain cells, especially protozoan microorganisms, that encloses and digests ingested nutrients using digestive enzymes, subsequently releasing the digested molecules into the cytoplasm for cellular utilization. Structure Of Food Vacuole The food vacuole, a specialized cellular compartment, is characterized … Read more
20 min read 
What is Haploid? In the realm of cellular biology, the term “haploid” denotes a specific chromosomal state in which a cell or organism possesses half the number of homologous chromosomes typically found in somatic cells. Derived from the Greek word “haplous,” which translates to “single,” the concept of haploidy is pivotal in understanding the genetic … Read more
29 min read 
What Are HeLa Cells? Definition of HeLa Cells HeLa cells are an immortal human cell line derived from the cervical cancer tissue of a patient named Henrietta Lacks. First cultured in 1951, these cells have the unique ability to divide and proliferate indefinitely in vitro, making them invaluable for scientific and medical research. Their widespread … Read more
36 min read 
The term “chloroplast” is derived of the Greek words chloros, which translates to green and also plastes which refers to “the one who forms”. Chloroplasts are membrane-bound plastids which have membranes that are embedded in a liquid matrix.
48 min read 
What is a Cell Wall? Cell Wall Definition A cell wall is a rigid and protective outer layer found in plants, fungi, bacteria, and some protists, providing structural support and protection to the cell. Properties of Cell Wall The cell wall is a crucial component of many organisms, including plants, fungi, algae, and certain prokaryotes. … Read more
29 min read 
Cell biology describes the nucleus is the big organelle, with a membrane-bounded structure that holds the genetic material form of numerous linear DNA molecules arranged into chromosomes, which are the structures that make up the nucleus. In the field of cell biology, the nucleus’s function is to serve as the central point of control for the cells. This is due to the fact that it holds the genetic material that code for the essential functions of cells.