What is the meristem of a plant?

Sourav PanAugust 22, 2024

Answered

Meristematic tissue in plants is a type of tissue responsible for growth and development. It consists of cells that are undifferentiated, meaning they have the ability to divide and differentiate into various types of specialized cells. Meristematic tissues are crucial for plant growth, as they enable the plant to develop new tissues and organs throughout its life.

There are several types of meristematic tissues, each with specific roles:

1. Apical Meristem:
   • Location: At the tips of roots and shoots.
   • Function: Responsible for primary growth, leading to the elongation of roots and shoots. It helps the plant grow taller and deeper.
2. Lateral Meristem:
   • Location: In the cambium layers of the plant, including the vascular cambium and cork cambium.
   • Function: Responsible for secondary growth, which increases the thickness of stems and roots. It contributes to the formation of secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem (bark).
3. Intercalary Meristem:
   • Location: Located at the base of internodes, often found in grasses and some monocots.
   • Function: Facilitates elongation of internodes and contributes to regrowth after damage.
4. Vascular Meristem:
   • Location: In the vascular cambium, part of the lateral meristem.
   • Function: Produces new vascular tissues, including xylem and phloem, contributing to secondary growth and the formation of woody structures.

These meristematic tissues are vital for the continuous growth and adaptation of plants throughout their lifespan.