X-Ray Crystallography is an experimental technique used to know the three dimensional arrangement of atoms and molecules inside a crystal. It is used for studying the exact position of atoms. It also shows the chemical bonds and the total molecular structure present in the crystal. In this method, a focused beam of X-rays is passed … Read more
Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) is also known as Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR). It is a non-destructive spectroscopic technique used for studying materials having one or more unpaired electrons. These unpaired electrons are present in paramagnetic substances. Every electron acts like a small magnet because it has intrinsic angular momentum or spin. When the sample is … Read more
Chromatography is a laboratory technique used for separation of components from a mixture. It is also used for identification and purification of the separated components. It is used in both analytical and preparative work. In analytical purpose, chromatography is used to determine the chemical composition and concentration of a sample. In preparative purpose, it is … Read more
Spectroscopy is a study of interaction of matter with electromagnetic radiation. It is used to study the atoms and molecules when they are exposed to different wavelength of light or energy. In this process, the atoms and molecules absorb, emit, reflect or scatter the radiation. These radiation are absorbed or emitted only at some specific … Read more
Ultracentrifuge is a high speed centrifuge which is used for separation of very small particles from a liquid medium. It can rotate at very high speed, usually more than 100000 rpm. Due to this high speed, very strong centrifugal force is produced. This force may be more than 1000000 times of gravity. Ultracentrifuge works on … Read more
Chromatography is an analytical technique which is used to separate the components of a mixture. It is used in laboratory for separation, identification and also estimation of substances present in a complex mixture. The method was first developed by Russian botanist Mikhail Tsvet for separation of plant pigments. In chromatography, there are two phases. One … Read more
Microbiology laboratories require well-built rooms that are equipped with tools, glassware and equipment. Test tubes, culture tubes, Petri dishes and Erlenmeyer flasks are the most important types of glassware in a microbiological lab. 1. Test tube Test tube is a common laboratory apparatus used for holding, mixing and heating small amount of chemicals. It is … Read more
McIntosh and Fildes’ Anaerobic Jar is a laboratory apparatus used for cultivation of strict anaerobic microorganisms. These microorganisms cannot grow in presence of oxygen. So, this jar is used to provide oxygen free condition for their growth. It was introduced in 1916 by James McIntosh, Paul Fildes and William Bulloch. The jar is usually a … Read more
Glass Bulb Pipette is a glass laboratory instrument used for measuring and transferring a definite volume of liquid. It is also known as volumetric pipette or belly pipette. It is used where accurate measurement of liquid is required. It has a bulb like part at the middle. This bulb holds the liquid inside it. The … Read more
GasPak Anaerobic System is a self-contained airtight apparatus that is used in microbiology laboratory for cultivation of strict anaerobic bacteria. These bacteria cannot grow in presence of oxygen and need oxygen free condition for their survival and growth. The system contains a sealed jar or container in which culture plates are kept with a gas … Read more
