Page 42 – Biology Notes Online

Phylum Ctenophora – Characteristics, Classification, Examples, Evolutionary significance

Published on October 2, 2024 24 min readby BNO Team

What is Phylum Ctenophora? Kingdom Animalia Subkingdom Eumetazoa Phylum Ctenophora Phylum Ctenophora, commonly referred to as comb jellies, encompasses a group of marine invertebrates known for their distinctive, jelly-like appearance and unique locomotive mechanisms. These creatures, often mistaken for jellyfish, play a significant role in marine ecosystems across the globe. Below is an exploration of … Read more

Coral Reefs – Types, Structure, Habitat, Formation, Importance

Published on October 2, 2024 32 min readby Sourav Pan

What are Coral Reefs? Structure of a coral polyp Coral polyps are fundamental building blocks of coral reefs, exhibiting a unique structure that facilitates their role in these vibrant ecosystems. Generally small, a typical coral polyp measures about 10 mm in length and 1 to 3 mm in diameter. Although some solitary polyps can reach … Read more

Metazoa – Characteristics, Symmetry, Metamerism, Origin and Evolution

Published on October 2, 2024 41 min readby Sourav Pan

What is Metazoa? Characteristics of metazoa Metazoa, or multicellular animals, exhibit a range of distinctive characteristics that differentiate them from other life forms. Understanding these features provides insight into their complex biological organization and functional diversity. The following points outline the key characteristics of metazoans: Levels of body Organisation The levels of body organization in … Read more

Choice Based Credit System UGC B.sc. Botany Honours Syllabus

Published on October 1, 2024 41 min readby Sourav Pan

Choice Based Credit System B.sc. Botany Honours Syllabus

Structure of B.Sc. Honours Botany under CBCS Course Category Courses Core Courses 1. Algae and Microbiology 2. Biomolecules and Cell Biology 3. Mycology and Phytopathology 4. Archegoniate 5. Morphology and Anatomy 6. Economic Botany 7. Genetics 8. Molecular Biology 9. Plant Ecology and Phytogeography 10. Plant Systematics 11. Reproductive Biology of Angiosperms 12. Plant Physiology … Read more

Choice Based Credit System UGC B.Sc. Hons Zoology Honours Syllabus

Last Updated October 2, 2024 0 revisions 35 min readby Sourav Pan

CORE COURSE CORE COURSE I – NON-CHORDATES I: PROTISTS TO PSEUDOCOELOMATES Unit 1: Protista, Parazoa, and Metazoa General characteristics and classification up to classes. Study of Euglena, Amoeba, and Paramecium. Life cycle and pathogenicity of Plasmodium vivax and Entamoeba histolytica. Locomotion and reproduction in Protista. Evolution of symmetry and segmentation in Metazoa. Unit 2: Porifera … Read more

Nematodes – Morphology, Classification, Examples

Published on October 1, 2024 22 min readby Sourav Pan

What are Nematodes? Definition of Nematodes Nematodes are elongated, unsegmented, thread-like worms, found in various environments such as soil and water. They can be free-living or parasitic, affecting plants, animals, and humans. General Characteristics of Nematodes Nematodes, often referred to as roundworms, exhibit distinct morphological and physiological features that set them apart from other organisms. … Read more

Classification of Protozoa

Last Updated June 30, 2025 1 revisions 19 min readby Sourav Pan

Protozoa are defined as microscopic, acellular organisms that exist either singly or in colonies, characterized by a lack of tissues and organs and the presence of one or more nuclei. With approximately 50,000 known species within the Phylum Protozoa, these organisms exhibit a remarkable diversity and complexity despite their simple structure. Protozoa can be broadly … Read more

Protozoa – Definition, Classification, Characteristics, Structure, Locomotion, Examples

Published on October 1, 2024 25 min readby BNO Team

What is Protozoa? Protozoa Definition Protozoa are a diverse group of single-celled eukaryotic organisms that can be either free-living or parasitic. They primarily feed on organic matter, including microorganisms and organic debris. Protozoa are characterized by their lack of a rigid cell wall, motility, and heterotrophic feeding habits. Examples include Amoeba, Paramecium, Euglena, and Trypanosoma. … Read more

7 Best Books for Parasitology

Last Updated November 29, 2024 0 revisions 1 min readby Sourav Pan

Parasitology is the branch of biology that focuses on the study of parasites, which are organisms that live on or in a host organism and derive nutrients at the host’s expense. This field examines the biology, ecology, evolution, and interactions of parasites with their hosts, as well as the diseases they cause. Key areas of … Read more

Parasitic Vertebrates – Cookiecutter shark, Candiru, Hood Mockingbird and Vampire bat

Published on October 1, 2024 48 min readby Sourav Pan

What are Parasitic Vertebrates? Cookiecutter shark (Isistius brasiliensis) Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Chondrichthyes Subclass: Elasmobranchii Subdivision: Selachimorpha Order: Squaliformes Family: Dalatiidae Genus: Isistius Species: I. brasiliensis The cookiecutter shark (Isistius brasiliensis) is a distinctive species of deep-sea shark known for its unique feeding behavior and wide geographic range. Primarily found in tropical and … Read more