Biochemical tests are laboratory procedures that use specific chemical reactions to identify and characterize microorganisms, such as bacteria. These tests are often used to identify the presence of specific enzymes or metabolic pathways in a microorganism, which can help to distinguish it from other microorganisms.
Some common biochemical tests used in bacteriology include:
Oxidase test: This test is used to detect the presence of the enzyme cytochrome oxidase, which is involved in the metabolism of oxygen.
Catalase test: This test is used to detect the presence of the enzyme catalase, which helps to break down hydrogen peroxide.
Indole test: This test is used to detect the presence of the enzyme tryptophanase, which breaks down the amino acid tryptophan.
Nitrate reduction test: This test is used to detect the ability of a microorganism to reduce nitrate to nitrite.
Gelatinase test: This test is used to detect the ability of a microorganism to produce the enzyme gelatinase, which breaks down gelatin.
These are just a few examples of the many different biochemical tests that are used in bacteriology. Biochemical tests can be useful for identifying and classifying bacteria, and for understanding their metabolism and ecological role.
The gelatin proteins derived from the animal connective tissue, collagen. Gelatin is produced when collagen is boiled in water. A gelatin hydrolysis test is used to detects the presence of gelatinases. Gelatinases are extracellularly secreted by some bacteria which hydrolyze or digest gelatin.
CAMP Test was first discovered by four researchers Christie, Atkins, Munch, and Peterson in 1944, that’s why this test is also known as Christie–Atkins–Munch-Peterson test.
In this method, the Group B Streptococcus (CAMP test positive) is streaked in the center of sheep blood agar, and Clostridium perfringens is streaked perpendicular to it.
Proteins are polymers of amino acids. They are complex organic compounds containing nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen. Proteins are abundant in our everyday food e.g. egg, soya bean, pulses, fish, milk etc.
It is a type of biochemical test which is used to distinguish reducing sugars from non-reducing sugars. This biochemical test is also known as the silver mirror test based on the end product of this test. This test was also used to differentiate between aldehydes and ketones through routine qualitative organic analysis.
The oxidase test is a biochemical reaction that assays for the presence of cytochrome oxidase, an enzyme sometimes called indophenol oxidase. In the presence of an organism that contains the cytochrome oxidase enzyme, the reduced colorless reagent becomes an oxidized colored product .
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacterium that belongs to the B. cereus group. It is the organism that produces the proteinaceous parasporal crystals during sporulation, and these crystals are called delta-endotoxins. These are known as Cry and Cyt toxins, and it is the major insecticidal component. It is widely distributed in soil, … Read more
Nylander’s test is a qualitative test that is used for detecting reducing sugars. It is the process where the reducing sugar is heated with an alkaline solution containing bismuth salt, and the reaction is controlled by the components present in the reagent. The reagent is made of bismuth nitrate or bismuth subnitrate, potassium sodium tartrate, … Read more
The Picric Acid Test is used to detect the presence of reducing sugars in a solution. It is a general chemical test and it is based on the reduction of picric acid under alkaline condition. Picric acid is a yellow crystalline compound (2,4,6-trinitrophenol) and it is converted into picramic acid when it reacts with a … Read more
What is Lane-Eynon Method? Principle of Lane-Eynon Method The method based on reduction of cupric ions (Cu²⁺) to cuprous oxide (Cu₂O) by the reducing sugars in alkaline condition. In the reaction, CuSO₄ from Fehling A and alkaline tartrate from Fehling B react to form a deep blue cupric–tartrate complex, which remain stable in hot solution … Read more
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