Biochemical tests are laboratory procedures that use specific chemical reactions to identify and characterize microorganisms, such as bacteria. These tests are often used to identify the presence of specific enzymes or metabolic pathways in a microorganism, which can help to distinguish it from other microorganisms.
Some common biochemical tests used in bacteriology include:
Oxidase test: This test is used to detect the presence of the enzyme cytochrome oxidase, which is involved in the metabolism of oxygen.
Catalase test: This test is used to detect the presence of the enzyme catalase, which helps to break down hydrogen peroxide.
Indole test: This test is used to detect the presence of the enzyme tryptophanase, which breaks down the amino acid tryptophan.
Nitrate reduction test: This test is used to detect the ability of a microorganism to reduce nitrate to nitrite.
Gelatinase test: This test is used to detect the ability of a microorganism to produce the enzyme gelatinase, which breaks down gelatin.
These are just a few examples of the many different biochemical tests that are used in bacteriology. Biochemical tests can be useful for identifying and classifying bacteria, and for understanding their metabolism and ecological role.
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacterium that belongs to the B. cereus group. It is the organism that produces the proteinaceous parasporal crystals during sporulation, and these crystals are called delta-endotoxins. These are known as Cry and Cyt toxins, and it is the major insecticidal component. It is widely distributed in soil, … Read more
Nylander’s test is a qualitative test that is used for detecting reducing sugars. It is the process where the reducing sugar is heated with an alkaline solution containing bismuth salt, and the reaction is controlled by the components present in the reagent. The reagent is made of bismuth nitrate or bismuth subnitrate, potassium sodium tartrate, … Read more
The Picric Acid Test is used to detect the presence of reducing sugars in a solution. It is a general chemical test and it is based on the reduction of picric acid under alkaline condition. Picric acid is a yellow crystalline compound (2,4,6-trinitrophenol) and it is converted into picramic acid when it reacts with a … Read more
What is Lane-Eynon Method? Principle of Lane-Eynon Method The method based on reduction of cupric ions (Cu²⁺) to cuprous oxide (Cu₂O) by the reducing sugars in alkaline condition. In the reaction, CuSO₄ from Fehling A and alkaline tartrate from Fehling B react to form a deep blue cupric–tartrate complex, which remain stable in hot solution … Read more
Gerhardt’s test is a type of laboratory test which is performed for the qualitative detection of ketone bodies in urine.
What is Seliwanoff’s Test? Seliwanoff’s Test is a fundamental biochemical assay designed to distinguish between aldose and ketose sugars based on their structural differences. Named after chemist Theodor Seliwanoff, this test leverages the principle that ketoses (sugars with a ketone group, like fructose) dehydrate more rapidly than aldoses (sugars with an aldehyde group, like glucose) when heated with a … Read more
Benedict’s test is a chemical test that is used to test for the presence of reduced sugars within an analytical test. Thus, simple carbohydrates that contain an aldehyde or free ketone functional group are detected using this test. The test is basing itself upon Benedict’s Reagent (also called Benedict’s solution) which is a complex mix of sodium carbonate, sodium citrate, and the pentahydrate of copper(II) Sulfate.
Acetoacetic acid and acetone react with an alkaline solution of sodium nitroprusside to form a purple-colored complex. This method can detect above 1-5 mg/dl of acetoacetic acid and 10-20 mg/dl of acetone. Beta-hydroxybutyrate is not detected.
What is Phenol-Sulfuric Acid Method for Total Carbohydrates? Objective of Phenol-Sulfuric Acid Method Principle of Phenol-Sulfuric Acid Method The principle of the Phenol-Sulfuric Acid Method centers on the reaction of carbohydrates with strong acid and heat, leading to the production of detectable compounds. This method involves the breakdown of carbohydrates—such as simple sugars, oligosaccharides, or … Read more
What is Osazone Test? The Osazone test is a biochemical method used to identify reducing sugars. This test is also known as the Phenylhydrazine test, referring to the reagent employed in the procedure. It distinguishes reducing sugars based on the time it takes for the osazone complex to form. Carbohydrates, or sugars, are defined chemically … Read more
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