19 min read 
What is Collagen? Definition of Collagen Collagen is the most abundant protein in the body, providing structural support to connective tissues such as skin, bones, tendons, and ligaments. It consists of a triple helix of amino acids, forming a framework that maintains the integrity and elasticity of various tissues. Collagen plays crucial roles in wound … Read more
15 min read 
What is Protein? Classification of protein On the Basis of Structure 1. Fibrous protein Fibrous proteins are a distinct category of proteins characterized by their elongated or fiber-like structure. These proteins are primarily found in animals and play specific roles in structural support. Therefore, understanding their nature, structure, and function is essential for a comprehensive … Read more
33 min read 
What Is a Peptide Bond? Definition of Peptide Bond A peptide bond is a covalent bond formed between the α-carboxyl group of one amino acid and the α-amino group of another, resulting in the release of a water molecule. This bond links amino acids together in a peptide or protein chain and is characterized by … Read more
47 min read 
What are Amino Acids? Definition of Amino Acids Amino acids are organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins. They consist of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen atoms and play essential roles in the proper functioning of living organisms. List of 20 Amino acids with the chemical formula Alanine C3H7NO2 Leucine C6H13NO2 Aspartic Acid … Read more
6 revisions 17 min read 
What is Ligase? In biochemistry, ligases are a class of enzymes that incorporate joining of two large molecules by forming new bond. This process which is referred to as ligation, commonly entails a hydrolysis of a indivisible chemical group of one of the substrates which allows formation of new linkages that include C-O, C-S or … Read more
5 revisions 42 min read 
What are Carbohydrates? Definition of Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that serve as a major source of energy in living organisms. They include sugars, starches, and fibers and are classified into monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. Carbohydrates play key roles in energy storage, structural support, and various biological processes. … Read more
29 min read 
What are Biological Macromolecules? Definition of Biological Macromolecules Biological macromolecules are large, complex molecules essential for life, typically classified into four main categories: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. They are composed of smaller units called monomers, which are linked together to form polymers. These macromolecules play crucial roles in biological processes, including energy storage, … Read more
14 min read 
What do you mean by elements of life? What are essential chemical elements? What are Trace Elements? Basic Elements Required in the Human Body The human body depends on several basic elements to function properly, each playing a critical role in various biological processes. These elements form the foundation of the body’s structure and contribute … Read more
16 min read 
Water Molecules Structure of Water The structure of water is fundamental to its unique properties and functions in various biological systems. The molecular composition, bonding characteristics, and phase transitions of water are essential concepts in understanding its role in life processes. Properties of Water Properties Values Chemical formula H₂O Molar mass 18.01528(33) g/mol Odour None … Read more
19 min read 
What is ATP Synthase? ATP synthase is an essential enzyme complex responsible for the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy currency in living cells. Often referred to as Complex V in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway, ATP synthase plays a critical role in cellular respiration and photosynthesis, utilizing the proton gradient generated by the … Read more