8 min read 
What is Ovule Culture? Principle of Ovule Culture Protocol of Ovule Culture The following detailed steps provide a comprehensive guide for executing ovule culture effectively. Importance of Ovule Culture Below are specific aspects detailing the importance and applications of ovule culture.
7 min read 
What is Flower Culture? Principle of Flower Culture Protocol of Flower Culture The protocol outlined below provides a systematic approach for the successful culture of flower buds or mature flowers, ensuring optimal growth and minimizing contamination. Importance of Flower Culture Below are key aspects highlighting the importance of flower culture:
5 min read 
What is Cytodifferentiation? Steps in Cytodifferentiation Cytodifferentiation involves a series of critical steps that lead to the specialization of cells within a culture, particularly in plant tissue culture. The fate of individual cells during this process is inherently variable and influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. As a result, the cytodifferentiation process is not … Read more
29 min read 
What are Tissues? Definition of Tissues Tissues are groups of similar cells that work together to perform specific functions in an organism. They serve as the structural and functional units that form organs, playing critical roles in various biological processes. Types of Tissues Tissues are classified into two main categories: plant tissues and animal tissues. … Read more
21 min read 
What are Angiosperms? Definition of Angiosperms Angiosperms are flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed within an ovary, typically forming a fruit. They have a well-developed vascular system for transporting water and nutrients and make up about 80% of all plant species, thriving in a wide range of environments. Characteristics of Angiosperms Classification of Angiosperms Angiosperms, … Read more
17 min read 
What is Plant anatomy? Scope of Plant Anatomy Plant anatomy, the study of the internal structures of plants, encompasses a wide range of topics and applications. Its scope extends across various disciplines and industries, providing essential insights into plant biology, ecology, evolution, and practical applications in fields such as agriculture, medicine, and environmental science. Below … Read more
34 min read 
What is Gnetum? Gnetum represents a unique genus within the Gnetaceae family and the Gnetales order, characterized as a group of gymnosperms. The Gnetales order consists of three distinct extant genera: Ephedra, Gnetum, and Welwitschia, each exhibiting remarkable morphological differences. Historically, the phylogenetic placement of Gnetum has been contentious. While earlier classifications positioned it closer … Read more
27 min read 
What are Gymnosperms? Habitat of Gymnosperms Gymnosperms, a group of seed-producing plants, occupy a wide range of habitats across various climatic zones. Their adaptability to different environments contributes to their global distribution. Here is an overview of the primary habitats of gymnosperms: 1. Boreal Forests (Taiga) 2. Temperate Forests 3. Mediterranean and Sub-Mediterranean Regions 4. … Read more
35 min read 
Kingdom Plantae Division (Phylum) Pinophyta (Coniferophyta) Class Pinopsida Order Pinales Family Pinaceae Genus Pinus What is Pinus? Pinus Habitat and Distribution Pines, belonging to the genus Pinus, are among the most recognizable evergreen trees globally, found naturally across both hemispheres. Their adaptability to a wide range of climates and elevations makes them prominent in diverse … Read more
23 min read 
Category Name Division Cycadophyta Class Cycadopsida Order Cycadales Family Cycadaceae Genus Cycas Distribution of Cycas Cycas is the largest genus within the Old World Cycads and stands out as the most widely distributed genus in the order Cycadales. Its distribution spans across various geographical regions, showcasing its adaptability and ecological significance. Below is a detailed … Read more