BNO Team 
33 min read 
The principal purpose for Golgi’s main function is Golgi apparatus is to transfer vesicles or packets of different cell products, to various areas of the cell.
9 min read 
Lysosomes are membrane-boundand dense granular structures that contain hydrolytic enzymes that are responsible for digestion in extracellular and intracellular cells. The term “lysosome” is composed of two words “lysis” which means breakdown, and “soma” which means body. It is a crucial cell organelle, responsible for inter- and extracellular breakdown of various substances.
6 min read 
Endospores are dormant, tough, resistant, and non-reproductive structures which are produced by gram-positive bacterial cell (such as bacillus, clostridium) in the phylum firmicutes during the unfavorable condition of the environment.
13 min read 
Exocytosis is a type of process, in which involves the movement of materials from the inside of a cell to the exterior of the cell by the use of energy.
19 min read 
Metaphase is a stage of the cell cycle that occurs in both mitosis and meiosis cell division. During this stage, individual chromosomes cannot be observed in the cell nucleus.
17 min read 
The cytoplasm, a highly viscous substance (gel-like) that is enclosed within the cell membrane. It is composed of water (about 85%), proteins (10-15%), lipids (2-4%) and nucleic acids, inorganic salts, and polysaccharides in smaller amounts. Depending on the cell’s configuration, cytoplasm might also contain occasional inclusions (e.g. stored nutrients and pigments).
38 min read 
Animals, fungi and protists are composed of at least one eukaryotic cell. However archaea and bacteria are composed of only one prokaryotic cell. Plant cells differ from cells belonging to other organisms due to their cell walls, chloroplasts and the central vacuole.
13 min read 
Stroma, as a term in botany, refers to the transparent fluid that surrounds the grana inside the chloroplast. In the stroma, there are the grana (stacks of the thylakoid) and sub-organelles, or daughter cells in which photosynthesis begins prior to the chemical reactions being completed within the stroma.
12 min read 
Membranes are made up composed of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids that are held together with the help of binding forces.
12 min read 
In the previous article we learned about cell structure and functions. Now in this article we will learn about Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Introduction Hey, if I told you, that you are surrounded by 100 trillion bacterial cells, would you believe? Yes, If you look closer than you will find trillions of bacterial cells on … Read more