BNO Team 
21 min read 
What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum? Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Definition The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a large, membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells. It plays a crucial role in the synthesis, folding, modification, and transport of proteins and lipids. The ER is divided into two types: the rough ER, studded with ribosomes and involved in protein … Read more
29 min read 
Ribosomes, sometimes referred to as Palade granules (after the discovery of George Palade and due to their granular shape) are macromolecular devices which are present in every cell, and that carry out biochemical protein synthesizing (mRNA translation).
21 min read 
What are Centrioles? Definition of Centrioles Centrioles are cylindrical, microtubule-based structures found in most eukaryotic cells, playing a crucial role in cell division by aiding in the formation of the spindle apparatus and in cellular processes like the formation of cilia and flagella. They are typically composed of nine sets of microtubule triplets and lack … Read more
21 min read 
What are Peroxisomes? Peroxisomes, identified as membrane-bound cell organelles in eukaryotic cells, were first described by J. Rhodin in 1954 and subsequently recognized as cell organelles by Christian de Duve in 1967. These organelles, small vesicles containing digestive and oxidative enzymes, play a pivotal role in cellular metabolism. They are integral in converting hydrogen peroxide … Read more
30 min read 
Bacteria cells. The most visible part of the majority of plants is a massive, fluid-filled vacuole.
17 min read 
What is Cellular Junctions or Cell junction? Definition of Cellular Junctions or Cell junction Cellular junctions, or cell junctions, are specialized structures in eukaryotic cells that facilitate adhesion and communication between adjacent cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix. These junctions are essential for maintaining the structural integrity of tissues and enable coordinated … Read more
7 min read 
What is Golgi Body (Golgi Complex)? Definition of Golgi Body (Golgi Complex) The Golgi body, also known as the Golgi complex or Golgi apparatus, is a membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. It functions primarily in the processing, packaging, and distribution of proteins and lipids, which are transported in vesicles to various destinations within … Read more
8 min read 
Cell division is a crucial process that allows organisms to grow, repair, and reproduce. One important aspect of cell division is cytokinesis, the process of separating one cell into two daughter cells. While cytokinesis is a universal process, it can vary greatly between different types of cells. In this article, we will compare and contrast … Read more
22 min read 
Plastid is a two-membrane-bound organelle that is involved in the synthesis and preservation of nutrients. typically found in the photosynthesis cells of plants. Plastids were first discovered and identified in the work of Ernst Haeckel, but A. F. W. Schimper was the first to offer an accurate definition.
53 min read 
The term “cell disruption” refers to the method that allows intracellular fluid through methods that break the cell wall. The main goal of the process of cell disruption is gain intracellular fluid without altering its components. The method used can differ dependent on the type of cell as well as the structure of its cell wall.