IGCSE Biology 9 Views 1 Answers
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Sourav PanNovember 14, 2024

Identify in diagrams and images the main organs of the digestive system, limited to: (a) alimentary canal: mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum and ileum) and large intestine (colon, rectum, anus) (b) associated organs: salivary glands, pancreas, liver and gall bladder

Identify in diagrams and images the main organs of the digestive system, limited to: (a) alimentary canal: mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum and ileum) and large intestine (colon, rectum, anus) (b) associated organs: salivary glands, pancreas, liver and gall bladder

Sourav Pan
Sourav PanNovember 14, 2024

Answered step-by-step

The main organs of the digestive system can be categorized into two groups: the alimentary canal and associated organs. Below is a description of each organ along with their functions.

(a) Alimentary Canal

  1. Mouth
    • Function: The entry point for food where mechanical digestion begins through chewing, and chemical digestion starts with saliva from the salivary glands.
  2. Oesophagus
    • Function: A muscular tube that transports food from the mouth to the stomach through peristaltic movements.
  3. Stomach
    • Function: A hollow organ that stores food and mixes it with gastric juices to continue the digestion process, breaking down food into a semi-liquid form called chyme.
  4. Small Intestine
    • Divisions:
      • Duodenum: The first section where most chemical digestion occurs, receiving bile from the liver and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.
      • Ileum: The final section where nutrient absorption occurs before passing undigested material to the large intestine.
  5. Large Intestine
    • Divisions:
      • Colon: Absorbs water and electrolytes from indigestible food matter.
      • Rectum: Stores feces until they are expelled.
      • Anus: The opening at the end of the digestive tract through which feces are excreted.

(b) Associated Organs

  1. Salivary Glands
    • Function: Produce saliva that contains enzymes to begin the digestion of carbohydrates and lubricate food for easier swallowing.
  2. Pancreas
    • Function: Produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate, which are released into the small intestine to aid in digestion and neutralize stomach acid.
  3. Liver
    • Function: Produces bile, which helps emulsify fats for digestion, and processes nutrients absorbed from the small intestine.
  4. Gall Bladder
    • Function: Stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver until it is needed in the small intestine for fat digestion.

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