how does polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis work

PAGE works by applying an electric field across a polyacrylamide gel, causing charged molecules such as proteins or nucleic acids to migrate towards the electrode of opposite charge. The gel acts as a molecular sieve, where smaller molecules move faster through the gel matrix than larger ones. The separation efficiency depends on factors like gel concentration, sample composition, and the presence of denaturing agents such as SDS (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate).