How does bacterial transformation work?

Sourav PanDecember 7, 2024

Answered

Bacterial transformation works by introducing foreign DNA into a competent bacterial cell, followed by the integration of the DNA into the host genome or retention as an extrachromosomal plasmid. In natural transformation, bacteria secrete enzymes to bind and take up environmental DNA. In artificial transformation, techniques such as chemical competence or electroporation are used to increase membrane permeability. The introduced DNA is expressed by the bacteria, allowing it to exhibit new traits or functions encoded by the DNA.

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