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What are animal and plant cells? Animal and plant cells serve as the building blocks of life for animals and plants, respectively. Both are eukaryotic cells, meaning they contain a true nucleus and specialized organelles, but they also display significant structural and functional differences. Animal Cells Animal cells are generally smaller and have a flexible, … Read more
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What is Freeze Fracture Technique? Principle of Freeze Fracture Technique The principle of the freeze-fracture technique is based on the physical separation of biological membranes at their hydrophobic core when the sample is frozen and then fractured. Here are the key aspects of this principle: Overall, the freeze-fracture technique provides valuable insights into the functional … Read more
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What is Kirby Bauer Disk Diffusion test? The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test is a laboratory method used to determine the effectiveness of antibiotics against bacterial strains. The test is named after its inventors, Drs. Paul Kirby and Robert Bauer, who developed it in the 1960s. In the Kirby-Bauer test, a bacterial culture is spread evenly … Read more
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Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) Techniques of Antimicrobial Susceptibility test Antimicrobial susceptibility tests in the laboratory can be done by using: Dilution susceptibility tests Disc diffusion susceptibility tests Kirby-Bauer NCCLS modified disc diffusion technique Stokes disc diffusion technique Disadvantages of antimicrobial susceptibility tests Susceptibility tests determine the antimicrobial effect against bacteria in conditions of laboratory (in … Read more
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The process of collecting bacteria from the air for analysis involves several techniques, one of the simplest being the utilization of open Petri dishes filled with a growth medium. These dishes are exposed to the air, allowing airborne bacteria to settle and subsequently grow on the medium, which can then be examined to identify the … Read more