Sex Determination – Definition, Methods, Significance

Sex Determination - Definition, Methods, Significance

What is Sex Determination? Definition of Sex Determination Sex determination is the biological process that establishes whether an individual will develop as male or female, typically governed by genetic, environmental, or a combination of factors. It involves mechanisms that direct the differentiation of gonads and the subsequent development of sexual characteristics. Methods for Sex Determination … Read more

Sex-linked Inheritance – Definition, Characteristics, Examples

Sex-linked Inheritance

What is Sex-linked Inheritance? Methods for Sex-linked inheritance Sex-linked inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic traits that are carried on the sex chromosomes, specifically the X or Y chromosome. These traits are inherited differently than those located on the autosomal chromosomes due to the unique nature of sex chromosome behavior. The two main categories … Read more

Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance

Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance

What is Chromosome? What is Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance? Observations of Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance The Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance provided a clear link between the behavior of chromosomes and Mendel’s laws of inheritance. It was supported by a series of critical observations that connected chromosomal behavior during meiosis with the inheritance patterns Mendel described. … Read more

Pleiotropism – Definition, Types, Examples

Pleiotropy vs Polygenic Inheritance

What is Pleiotropism? Short Definition of Pleiotropism Pleiotropism refers to the phenomenon where a single gene or mutation affects multiple, seemingly unrelated traits or physiological processes. This occurs when one genetic change leads to a range of different effects across various aspects of an organism’s phenotype. Types of pleiotropy Examples of Pleiotropism Significance of Pleiotropism

Cytoplasmic or Extra-Nuclear Inheritance – Definition, Examples, Significance

Cytoplasmic Inheritance - Definition, Examples, Significance

What is Cytoplasmic or Extra-Nuclear Inheritance? Cytoplasmic inheritance, also known as extrachromosomal or extranuclear inheritance, refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus but rather in the cytoplasm of a cell. This type of inheritance contrasts with Mendelian inheritance, which involves nuclear genes. In cytoplasmic inheritance, the genetic information … Read more

Chi-square Test – Types, Formula, Practice Problems, Applications

Chi-square Test - Types, Formula, Practice Problems, Applications

What is Chi-square Test? Formula of chi-square The Chi-square test is symbolically represented as , and the formula for comparing variances is: Where: Similarly, when the Chi-square test is used as a non-parametric test for goodness of fit or testing independence, the following formula is applied: Where: Properties of the Chi-Square Test The Chi-Square test … Read more

Epistasis – Definition, Causes, Types, Examples

Epistasis

Epistasis is the interplay between genes that influence the character. Genes may mask one to the point that one gene is thought to be “dominant” or they can be combined to create a new characteristic. It’s the relation between two genes that could be the basis for a particular phenotype of certain characteristics. Each locus has two alleles that define the phenotypes. They may affect each other in a manner that regardless of the particular allele of one gene it is recessive another dominant variant of. A different expression for epistasis requires a ratio chart, or table.

Gene Interaction – Definition, Types, Examples, Importance

Gene Interaction - Definition, Types, Examples, Importance

What is Gene Interactions? Definition of Gene Interactions Gene interactions refer to the relationships between multiple genes where the expression of one gene can influence, or be influenced by, the expression of another gene, collectively determining specific phenotypic traits in an organism. Types of Gene Interaction Gene interactions can be categorized into two primary types: … Read more

Lethal Allele – Definition, Types, Causes, Examples

Lethal Allele - Definition, Types, Causes, Examples

What is Lethal Allele? Definition of Lethal Allele A lethal allele is a gene variant that causes the death of an organism carrying it, either during embryonic development or later in life. Types of Lethal Allele Lethal alleles are genetic variations that result in the death of an organism carrying them. They can be categorized … Read more

Alleles – Definition, Characteristics, Types, Examples

Alleles - Definition, Characteristics, Types, Examples

What is Allele? Definition of Allele An allele is a specific variant of a gene that occupies a particular position (locus) on a chromosome, and different alleles can result in variations of a trait. Each individual inherits two alleles for each gene, one from each parent. Features of Alleles Types of Alleles There are different … Read more

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