Genetics is the branch of biology that studies genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms. It explores how traits are passed from parents to offspring through genes, which are segments of DNA that carry instructions for building and maintaining an organism.
Key areas in genetics include:
What is Nonsense Mutation? Definition of Nonsense Mutation A nonsense mutation is a genetic alteration that introduces a premature stop codon into the coding sequence of a gene, leading to the production of a truncated and often nonfunctional protein. Causes of nonsense mutation Nonsense mutations are a specific type of genetic mutation where a change … Read more
What are Silent mutations? Definition of Silent mutations Silent mutations are genetic changes in the DNA sequence that do not alter the amino acid sequence of a protein, resulting in no effect on the protein’s function or the organism’s phenotype. Cause of Silent Mutation Silent mutations are genetic changes that do not alter the final … Read more
What is Frameshift Mutation? Definition of Frameshift Mutation A frameshift mutation is a genetic alteration caused by the insertion or deletion of nucleotides in a DNA sequence, which shifts the reading frame of codons and results in the production of an altered and typically nonfunctional protein. Causes of Frameshift Mutation The main causes of frameshift … Read more
What is Chromosomal mutation? Definition of Chromosomal Mutation Chromosomal mutation refers to alterations in the structure or number of chromosomes within a cell, which can impact genetic information and potentially lead to various genetic disorders. Causes of Chromosomal Mutation Mechanism of Chromosomal Mutation Chromosomal mutations arise through various mechanisms that can be broadly categorized into … Read more
What is Somatic Mutation? Definition of Somatic Mutation A somatic mutation is a genetic change that occurs in non-reproductive cells after fertilization, which typically does not get passed on to offspring. Causes of Somatic Mutation Several factors and stressors can contribute to somatic mutations. These can be categorized into endogenous factors, chemical mutagens, physical mutagens, … Read more
What is Induced Mutation? Mechanism of induced mutation Induced mutations occur when external agents, known as mutagens, alter the structure or sequence of DNA. These mutations can arise through several mechanisms that affect how DNA bases interact or replicate. Let’s explore the primary mechanisms responsible for induced mutations. Base Replacement by Base Analogs Base analogs … Read more
Mutations are changes in the genetic material of an organism. These alterations can occur in various ways, and they play a fundamental role in biological diversity and evolution. Broadly, mutations can be classified into two major categories: gene mutations and chromosomal mutations. Gene mutations, also known as point mutations, occur when a change takes place … Read more
What is Mutation? Definition of Mutation Mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene or chromosome, which can result from errors in replication or environmental factors and can affect an organism’s traits. Terminology of Mutation Characteristics of Mutation Classification and types of Mutation Causes and Mechanisms of Mutation Understanding the causes … Read more
What is Crossing over? Definition of Crossing over Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis, resulting in new combinations of genes. Characteristics of Crossing over At which stage Crossing over occurs? Types of Crossing over Crossing over can be categorized based on its … Read more
What is Two-Point Cross? A two-point cross is a genetic mapping technique used to determine the recombination frequency between two specific genes located on the same chromosome. In this method, a test cross is performed between a heterozygous individual (carrying two different alleles for the genes of interest) and a homozygous recessive individual (which has … Read more
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