22 min read 
What is Rickettsia? Small-sized intracellular bacteria with a 0.3 to 2 µm range make up the genus Rickettsia. Rickettsia’s tiny scale made it first confused as a virus. Having DNA and RNA as their genetic material, these bacteria reproduce via binary fission within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. Gram-negative rickettsia bacteria abound in the digestive … Read more
16 min read 
What is Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)? An illness affecting a portion of the urinary tract—that which comprises the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethral—is known as a urinary tract infection (UTI). Following are some salient features of urinary tract infections: Types of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) UTIs can attack various urinary system segments, causing varied symptoms. … Read more
5 min read 
Maintain an infectious disease in a human population the pathogens must need to be transmitted from one host or source to another. In Biology the term transmission is refers to the passing of a pathogen from one individual to another individual which can cause a serious disease or infection. The transmission of disease is occurred … Read more
25 min read 
Crystals in Urine Urine is a complex fluid that contains various chemicals, and under certain conditions, these chemicals can solidify and form salt crystals. This phenomenon is known as crystalluria. When examining urine samples, the presence of crystals is often assessed as part of a urinalysis, which measures different substances in the urine. While normal … Read more
22 min read 
What is Germ Theory of Disease? Key principles of the germ theory of disease The key principles of the germ theory of disease can be summarized as follows: These principles collectively form the foundation of the germ theory of disease, guiding our understanding of the causes, transmission, prevention, and treatment of infectious diseases. Germ theory … Read more
14 min read 
Handwashing is a fundamental and essential practice in basic hygiene that helps to prevent the transmission and spread of infectious agents. Poor hygiene practices can have a significant impact on causing various infections, including those affecting the skin, respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal system. Respiratory and gastrointestinal infections are often associated with a lack of or … Read more
8 min read 
Virulence Definition Virulence define the intensity of a pathogen to cause disease. The Virulence varies among different microbial species. Virulence enables the microorganism to carry a specific character which can damage the tissue of the host cell. Virulence helps the microorganism to better survive its residency in the host. The virulence property of an organism varies … Read more