Sourav Pan
CSIR NET, or the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research National Eligibility Test, is a national-level exam conducted in India to determine eligibility for lecturership and for awarding Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) to Indian nationals in the field of science. The exam is conducted in five subjects, including Life Sciences, Physical Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Mathematical … Read more
What is a Zygote? A zygote is a crucial concept in biology, representing the very first stage of a new organism’s development following the fertilization event. The term “zygote” (pronounced /ˈzaɪˌɡoʊt/) originates from the Ancient Greek word ζυγωτός (zygōtós), meaning ‘joined’ or ‘yoked,’ derived from ζυγοῦν (zygoun), which means ‘to join’ or ‘to yoke’. This … Read more
What is Microbiology? Microbiology, derived from the Greek words μῑκρός (mīkros) meaning ‘small’, βίος (bíos) meaning ‘life’, and -λογία (-logía) meaning ‘study of’, is the scientific discipline focused on the study of microorganisms. These microorganisms can be unicellular (single-celled), multicellular (comprising multiple cells), or acellular (lacking cellular structure). The field encompasses several sub-disciplines, including virology, … Read more
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is a way to measure how much oxygen is needed to chemically oxidize organic and some inorganic substances in water that is acidic and has a strong oxidant, like potassium dichromate. It is usually shown in mg O₂ per liter. To find out how much oxidizable material is in a sample, … Read more
A dry mount slide is the simplest type of slide preparation in microscopy. It is the process in which a dry specimen is placed directly on the clean glass slide without using any liquid medium. It is the air that remains between the specimen and the objective lens, and the refractive index of air is … Read more
Definition of Pseudostratified columnar epithelium A pseudostratified columnar epithelium an epithelium made up of only one layer of cells which creates the appearance of multiple layers due to the nuclei in the cells are located at various levels. It is histologically an epithelium that is simple, even though when viewed from a cross-section it could … Read more
Principles Of Biotechnology Biotechnology has grown and changed a lot over the years. The old way of doing it was to use microbes to make products that people could use. Now, the new way is to use genes to make vaccines. So, the European Federation of Biotechnology (EFB) has come up with a new definition … Read more
Biosafety guidelines provide guidelines, policies, and procedures that must be observed by all personnel who work in facilities handling microbiological agents, such as bacteria, viruses and parasites, fungi and prions. These guidelines are required for all institutions, including clinical and microbiological labs, biomedical research laboratories, teaching and training laboratories, and other healthcare institutions (e.g. hospitals, … Read more
What is Biosafety Cabinet? A biosafety cabinet (BSC), also known as a biological safety cabinet or microbiological safety cabinet, is a specialized laboratory workspace designed to handle materials contaminated with or potentially contaminated with pathogens requiring a specific biosafety level. The primary purpose of a biosafety cabinet is to provide a safe working environment for … Read more
Definition of Simple columnar epithelium The simple columnar epithelium, which is one type of epithelium, is made up of a single layer consisting of long, elongated cells. These cells are located in areas where absorption or secretion are the primary functions. The cells of the columnar epithelium can also be modified, just like cuboidal epithelium. … Read more
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