Sourav Pan

Academic Writer, Microbiology Specialist | M.Sc. Microbiology, Calcutta University, Founder of Biologynotesonline.com

Sourav is the founder and sole author of Biology Notes Online. He holds a Master’s degree in Microbiology from Calcutta University and has over 5 years of experience in academic writing, life science content creation. His content reflects hands-on lab expertise, deep subject knowledge, and a strong passion for simplifying biology for students. Whether it’s genetics, microscopy, or metabolic pathways — Sourav explains it in a way that’s accurate, exam-focused, and easy to remember. He regularly updates and fact-checks all the material published on this site, ensuring students get trustworthy and updated biology notes with references to real scientific sources.

Psilotum – Structure, Morphology, Anatomy, Reproduction, Life Cycle

• Published on October 7, 2024 • 16 min readby Sourav Pan

Division: Psilophyta Class: Psilotopsida Order: Psilotales Family: Psilotaceae Genus: Psilotum Distribution of psilotum The distribution of Psilotum, commonly referred to as whisk fern, primarily encompasses two species: P. nudum and P. flaccidum. Understanding their geographic spread and ecological niches offers valuable insights into their adaptability and survival strategies. The occurrence of Psilotum The occurrence of … Read more

Pteridophyta – Characteristics, Classification, Origin, Ecological and economic importance

• Published on October 7, 2024 • 27 min readby Sourav Pan

What is Pteridophyta? General Characteristics of Pteridophytes Pteridophytes are an ancient group of vascular plants known for their distinctive features and diverse forms. They primarily thrive in moist, shaded environments, although some adapt to aquatic or xerophytic conditions. Here are the key characteristics of pteridophytes, focusing on their morphology, structure, and reproductive processes: Habitat of … Read more

Biomolecule – Definition, Types, Structure, Examples, Significance

• Published on October 7, 2024 • 35 min readby Sourav Pan

What are Biomolecules? Definition of Biomolecule A biomolecule is any organic molecule that is essential for life and is involved in the structure, function, and regulation of the cells and tissues in living organisms. Common types of biomolecules include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Types of Biomolecules – Four Major Types of Biomolecules Biomolecules … Read more

Applied Phycology – Role of algae in the environment, agriculture, biotechnology and industry

• Published on October 7, 2024 • 10 min readby Sourav Pan

What is Phycology? Phycology, also known as algology, is the scientific study of algae. This branch of biology focuses on various aspects of algae, including their classification, physiology, ecology, and distribution. Here are some key points regarding phycology: Role of algae in the environment Algae play a crucial role in the environment, contributing to various … Read more

Bryophytes – definition, classification, life cycle, characteristics, importance

• Published on October 7, 2024 • 40 min readby Sourav Pan

What are Bryophytes? Bryophytes definition Bryophytes plants are plants that can be found growing in damp and shaded areas. These plants are unique because they can live on soil and bare rocks. They are an integral part of plant succession on bare rock. They exhibit alternation of generations and are known by a unique name. … Read more

Phaeophyta (Brown Algae) – Characteristics, Occurrence, Thallus Organization, Cell Structure and Reproduction

• Last Updated July 29, 2025 • 0 revisions • 24 min readby Sourav Pan

What is Phaeophyta (Brown Algae)? General Characteristics of Brown Algae (Phaeophyta) Brown algae, or Phaeophyta, exhibit a variety of unique structural, cellular, and reproductive features that make them an important group within the marine ecosystem. The following points detail the essential characteristics of this group: Classification of Phaeophyta Phaeophyta, or brown algae, are classified based … Read more

Xanthophyta – General characteristics, thallus organization, Occurrence, morphology and life-cycle of Vaucheria.

• Last Updated July 29, 2025 • 0 revisions • 19 min readby Sourav Pan

What is Xanthophyta? Characteristics of Xanthophyceae Xanthophyceae, commonly known as yellow-green algae, is a diverse group that primarily inhabits freshwater environments, although some species can be found in marine and terrestrial habitats. This group exhibits a variety of morphological and physiological characteristics that distinguish it from other algal divisions. Below is a structured overview of … Read more

Charophyta – General Characteristics, Occurrence, Morphology, Cell Structure And Life-cycle of Chara

• Last Updated July 28, 2025 • 0 revisions • 18 min readby Sourav Pan

What is Charophyta? General Characteristics of Charophyta Below are the key characteristics that define Charophyta: Occurrence of Charophyta Charophyta, particularly the genus Chara, is prevalent in various aquatic environments, primarily thriving in freshwater ecosystems. Understanding the occurrence of charophytes provides insight into their ecological roles and adaptability to diverse habitats. The following points outline the … Read more

Chlorophyta – Characteristics, Occurrence, Thallus organization, Structure and Reproduction

• Published on October 7, 2024 • 35 min readby Sourav Pan

What is Chlorophyta? Important features of Chlorophyta Below is a detailed breakdown of the key features of Chlorophyta: Cell structure of Chlorophyta Chlorophyta, or green algae, exhibit a wide range of structural features at the cellular level, which contribute to their adaptability and function in diverse environments. Below are key structural elements that define their … Read more

Blood pressure and its regulation

• Published on October 6, 2024 • 9 min readby Sourav Pan

What is Blood pressure? Factors Regulating Blood Pressure The regulation of blood pressure is a complex and dynamic process that involves multiple systems working together to maintain homeostasis. Even under normal physiological conditions, arterial blood pressure can exhibit variability. However, the body employs four primary regulatory systems to ensure that blood pressure remains within acceptable … Read more