BNO Team 
16 min read 
What is Nucleoside? A nucleoside is a molecule composed of a pentose sugar linked to a nitrogenous base or glycosylamine. It can be considered as a nucleotide without a phosphate group. Nucleosides are essential components of DNA and RNA, playing a vital role in the storage and transmission of genetic information. In DNA, the nucleosides … Read more
4 min read 
What is gab operon? Structure of gab operon There are three structural genes that make up the gab operon: Regulation of gab operon Differential Regulation of Promoters The expression of the genes in the operon is controlled by three promoters that work in different ways. Two of these promoters are controlled by the sigma factor … Read more
24 min read 
What is a Monohybrid Cross? A monohybrid cross is a genetic cross between individuals who differ in only one trait or allele set. It is the study of inheritance patterns for a single trait, typically with a focus on a single gene with two opposing alleles. In a monohybrid cross, two heterozygous (having two distinct … Read more
21 min read 
Gene mapping, also known as genome mapping or genome mapping, is an important technique used by scientists to establish the location of genes on a chromosome. It entails determining the location of a gene, quantifying the distance between genes, and establishing landmarks within the genome. Just like landmarks help us make our way around a … Read more
18 min read 
DNA has long been regarded as a critical component in gene therapy. A recent discovery, however, has thrown light on a strange type of DNA that persists in its surrounding environment without any protein or lipid bonds. Because of its possible applications in gene therapy trials, this phenomenon, known as “naked DNA,” has piqued the … Read more
24 min read 
Gene silencing, a mechanism of reducing or suppressing gene expression, is critical in managing gene expression in cells. Genes, which are responsible for protein production, have distinct expression spectra that determine the amount of protein produced by a gene in a specific cell type. When the expression profile of genes is altered, however, it can … Read more
62 min read 
Gene therapy is a groundbreaking field of medicine that focuses on the modification of cells to treat or prevent genetic disorders by repairing or replacing defective genetic material. It holds the potential to cure a wide range of genetic diseases by directly addressing the underlying genetic abnormalities. In this series of articles, we aim to … Read more
43 min read 
What is lac Operon? Jacques Monod (1910–1976) began studying bacterial growth and regulation in the late 1930s. He selected E. coli as a model bacteria and eventually concentrated on genes involved in E. coli’s growth on lactose. Francois Jacob joined him in his studies roughly 15 years later (1920–2013). As a result of their research, … Read more
22 min read 
Tryptophan (Trp) Operon Definition A collection of genes that are transcribed together encode the components for tryptophan synthesis. Note: The trp operon is a set of genes that, when transcribed together, encode the enzymes that cause bacteria to generate the amino acid tryptophan. The trp operon was initially defined in Escherichia coli, and it has … Read more
11 min read 
What is Arabinose Operon? Structure of L-arabinose operon The linear structure of the arabinose operon consists of four unique genes and a catabolic active site. Structural genes Function of Structural genes Inducer Gene Regulatory gene Catabolic Active Site Operator Gene Promoter Gene In Summary Regulation of Arabinose Operon Negative regulation of araBAD Positive regulation of … Read more