What Is Trochophore Larva? Trochophore larva refers as an early free-swimming stage found by many marine invertebrates like annelids, mollusks, etc. It can define as – a small, spherical or pear-shape larva having a ring of cilia (called prototroch) around its middle part. This larva usually formed after fertilization → from the zygote → and … Read more
Fish can define as cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates that mostly breathe with gills, having fins and scales (mostly). They live in freshwater / marine places; like rivers, ponds, and oceans etc. The body usually divided as head, trunk and tail — this pattern can vary bit between species. Respiration occurs by gills, which are placed at … Read more
What is Biogeny (Formation of Primitive Life)? 1. Formation of nucleic acids and nucleoproteins The formation of nucleic acids and nucleoproteins considered as one of the key transition in Biogeny where information molecules begin to store and transmit life instructions. It started after Chemogeny produced small organic monomers like nucleobases, sugars, phosphates, etc. Prebiotic synthesis … Read more
What is Biological Clocks? Types of biological clocks I. Solar-Controlled Rhythms These clocks rely primarily on the sun or are related to the 24-hour rotation of the Earth, using light as the main synchronizing cue (zeitgeber II. Lunar & Tidal Controlled clocks– These clocks, prevalent among marine organisms, are influenced by the moon, which drives … Read more
What is cleavage? Characteristics of cleavage Step by step process of Cleavage Types of cleavages The cleavage pattern in embryos mainly determined by yolk quantity and how that yolk is distributed by the cytoplasm.Also, timing and direction of mitotic spindle (inside egg) play important role. Yolk usually slow / restrict the process of complete division. … Read more
What is Artificial Selection? Artificial selection is a process by which humans are intentionally choosing certain organisms / traits for reproduction, it has been used for centuries actually even before the mechanism of genes was understood properly. In artificial selection, individuals that show desirable features (like color, yield, behavior etc.) are allowed to breed, while … Read more
Membranes are thin, flexible layers that act like barriers or filters, separating different spaces or substances while allowing certain things to pass through. Think of them as sheets or films—some natural, others human-made. In living things, cell membranes are crucial. They wrap around cells, controlling what enters or exits, like nutrients in and waste out. … Read more
A gland is a part of the body that makes and releases substances like hormones, enzymes, or fluids to help the body function. Think of it like a tiny factory—some glands send their products directly into the bloodstream to control things like growth, energy, or mood (these are called endocrine glands, like the thyroid or … Read more
A human cell is the basic unit that makes up your body, kind of like tiny rooms in a massive mansion working together to keep everything running. Picture it as a microscopic bubble with a flexible outer layer—the membrane—that decides what enters or exits. Inside, there’s a gooey mix called cytoplasm, packed with tiny machines … Read more
What is Peripheral Nervous System? The peripheral nervous system acts as a bridge between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the body. Think of it as a network of pathways that carry messages back and forth. While the brain and spinal cord form the central command center, the peripheral system handles communication with … Read more
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