Microbiology is the branch of science that studies tiny living things and how they interact with other tiny and big living things.
Microorganisms are very small organisms that can only be seen through a microscope because they are too small to see with the naked eye. Microorganisms are things like bacteria, fungi, archaea, protozoa, and viruses that are very small.
Basic microscopy is a wide range of studies that help researchers learn about the biochemistry, physiology, cell biology, ecology, evolution, and clinical aspects of microorganisms, as well as how the host reacts to these agents.
Microbiology also looks at the structure, function, and classification of these organisms, as well as how they can be used and how their actions can be controlled.
Anton von Leeuwenhoek’s invention of the microscope led to the start of the field of microbiology.
On the one hand, microbes are used because they have special properties that make it possible to make antibiotics, amino acids, hormones, and other therapeutic compounds. They are also used to make food and products that go with food.
Microorganisms also help break down things like lignocellulosic biomass, which is used to make second-generation ethanol or biogas.
In the same way, microorganisms are dangerous for both industry (food spoilage) and human health because of their genes and biochemistry.
At first, microbiology was only connected to pathogenic microorganisms, which cause different kinds of diseases in different groups of living things.
Since microbiology became a field of study, there have been more ways to use microorganisms in different areas.
Because microorganisms are used in food and medicine, the field of microbiology has grown into other fields and studies.
So, over time, the field has been divided into more groups, such as agriculture microbiology, food microbiology, pharmaceutical microbiology, systemic microbiology, etc.
Microorganisms are used in a lot of different research projects because they are easy to control and reproduce compared to other living things. This has also led to more research in microbiology.
Studies in microbiology are important for finding new and more advanced ways to find new microorganisms and the diseases and applications they cause.
Microbiology also looks at ways to find, classify, and study microorganisms, as well as how they live and die.
All of this helps us learn more about microorganisms and how they keep the ecosystem running.
Through a process called genetic recombination, microbiology and microorganisms can be used to make new microorganisms that have been genetically engineered.
Aside from that, different microorganisms are used to make food, industrial products, and antibiotics.
The Emergence of Microbiology: Uncovering Microbes Microbiology, the study of microscopic living organisms, is a relatively recent scientific field that has significantly advanced our understanding of biology and disease. The foundation of microbiology can be traced back to the mid-19th century, during a period of considerable growth and development in the biological sciences. Key Developments … Read more
What is Microbiology? Microbiology, derived from the Greek words μῑκρός (mīkros) meaning ‘small’, βίος (bíos) meaning ‘life’, and -λογία (-logía) meaning ‘study of’, is the scientific discipline focused on the study of microorganisms. These microorganisms can be unicellular (single-celled), multicellular (comprising multiple cells), or acellular (lacking cellular structure). The field encompasses several sub-disciplines, including virology, … Read more
Biosafety guidelines provide guidelines, policies, and procedures that must be observed by all personnel who work in facilities handling microbiological agents, such as bacteria, viruses and parasites, fungi and prions. These guidelines are required for all institutions, including clinical and microbiological labs, biomedical research laboratories, teaching and training laboratories, and other healthcare institutions (e.g. hospitals, … Read more
What is Biosafety Cabinet? A biosafety cabinet (BSC), also known as a biological safety cabinet or microbiological safety cabinet, is a specialized laboratory workspace designed to handle materials contaminated with or potentially contaminated with pathogens requiring a specific biosafety level. The primary purpose of a biosafety cabinet is to provide a safe working environment for … Read more
Definition of p-value The p-value, or estimated probability represents the most reliable probability of providing the lowest amount of significance, that the null hypothesis isn’t the case. Formula of p-value How to find p-value? P-values can be determined through comparing test results against the table of p-values for various scores. The scores calculated by the … Read more
What is hypotonic solution? Definition of Hypotonic solution A hypotonic solution is one that has a lower solute concentration compared to another solution, leading to a net movement of water into the region of higher solute concentration, typically across a semipermeable membrane. What Happens to Cells when it is placed in a hypotonic Solution? When … Read more
To function properly, cells must be kept turgid. To function properly, a well-watered plant will grow and produce fruits and flowers. A plant that is not watered for several days will wilt and eventually die. This happens because water leaves the cell and causes the cell to lose its turgidity. Based on the concentration of … Read more
What is An Autotroph? Definition of Autotroph An autotroph is an organism that can produce its own complex organic compounds (like carbohydrates) using simple substances such as carbon dioxide, typically through processes like photosynthesis or chemosynthesis, without relying on external sources for carbon or energy. Types of Autotrophs Autotrophs, which are organisms that make their … Read more
What is Heterotroph? Definition of Heterotrophs Heterotrophs are organisms that rely on eating other living things for their nutrition and energy, as they cannot produce their own food. Types of Heterotrophic Nutrition In the natural world, living things use different ways to get their food when they can’t make it themselves. These are the main … Read more
Definition of Phylum Nematoda Nematodes (Gr. nema thread+ form) are often referred to by various names, such as threadworm, non-segmented roundworm or pinworm. They are distinct from flatworms and higher segmented anelids. Characteristics of Phylum Nematoda Classification of Phylum Nematoda Nematoda is one of the most diverse phyla. At present, there are approximately 15,000 species. … Read more
Both gymnosperms and angiosperms bear seeds, then why are they classified separately?
Write a note on economic importance of algae and gymnosperms.
Mention the ploidy of the following: protonemal cell of a moss; primary endosperm nucleus in dicot; leaf cell of a moss; prothallus cell of a fern; gemma cell in Marchantia; meristem cell of monocot; ovum of a liverwort; and zygote of a fern.
Name three groups of plants that bear archegonia. Briefly describe the life cycle of any one of them.
When and where does reduction division take place in the life cycle of a liverwort, a moss, a fern, a gymnosperm, and an angiosperm?
What is heterospory? Briefly comment on its significance. Give two examples.
Explain briefly the following terms with suitable examples: (i) protonema (ii) antheridium (iii) archegonium (iv) diplontic (v) sporophyll (vi) isogamy
Differentiate between the following: (i) red algae and brown algae (ii) liverworts and moss (iii) homosporous and heterosporous pteridophyte
Match the following (column I with column II) (a) Chlamydomonas (b) Cycas (c) Selaginella (d) Sphagnum
Describe the important characteristics of gymnosperms.
What is the basis of classification of algae?
what is the energy released by the organic compound mostly used to do
Structure of Water and Hydrogen Bonding Flashcard
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