In this article we will learn about Plant Breeding Introduction and objectives. Breeding systems: modes of reproduction in crop plants. Important achievements and undesirable consequences of plant breeding. What is Plant Breeding? History of plant breeding The history of plant breeding is deeply intertwined with the earliest human agricultural practices. As humans began to cultivate … Read more
Fibre-yielding plants have played a crucial role in the advancement of human civilization, second only to food plants in their utility. Early humans relied on these plants to meet essential needs such as clothing, shelter, and tools. While animal products provided some solutions, plant fibers offered lighter and more flexible alternatives for tasks such as … Read more
What are Vegetable Oils and Fats? Vegetable oils and fats have been integral to human civilization since ancient times, with evidence of their use in various cultures for food, body care, and practical applications like soap-making. While early humans primarily relied on animal fats, different civilizations, including the Chinese, Hindus, and Egyptians, developed methods to … Read more
What are Beverages? Examples Of Nonalcoholic Beverages Containing Caffeine Coffee Tea Cocoa and Chocolate Mate Guarana Khat Cola Cassine Examples of Alcoholic beverages 1. FERMENTED BEVERAGES Fermented beverages represent a significant category within the alcoholic beverage industry, encompassing a diverse array of products derived from the fermentation of various plant materials. Here, we explore key … Read more
What is Tea? Types of Tea Tea is classified into several distinct types, primarily based on the processing techniques used after harvesting the Camellia sinensis leaves. Each type of tea varies in terms of oxidation, fermentation, and the preservation of specific chemical compounds such as polyphenols and catechins. Below is a detailed explanation of the … Read more
What are Spices? Spices obtained from roots and rootstalks Spices obtained from barks Spices obtained from flowers or flower buds Spices obtained from Fruits Spices derived from fruits encompass a diverse range of botanical origins, each contributing unique flavors and uses. Here, we explore notable examples, including their botanical names, families, parts used, morphology, and … Read more
What are Legumes? Examples of Legumes Legumes encompass a wide range of plants, each with distinct characteristics and uses. The following are notable examples, categorized by their types and key attributes: Forage Legumes Many legumes are cultivated specifically for forage or green manuring rather than human consumption. These include: Examples of Tree Legumes Tree legumes … Read more
What are Cereals? Cereals are among the most vital sources of plant-based food for humans and animals. They have held this significance since ancient times, with their cultivation dating back so far that their wild ancestors are no longer recognizable. Over centuries, numerous species and varieties have been developed, even before recorded history. The ancient … Read more
What is Centers of origin? The concept of “centers of origin” refers to the geographical regions where specific groups of organisms, whether wild or domesticated, initially emerged on Earth. This term is often associated with the origins of crop plants and wild species, reflecting the places where these organisms first evolved. It is important to … Read more
Water absorption is a critical physiological process in plants, essential for their growth and various metabolic activities. In lower plants, such as algae and mosses, water absorption occurs across the entire plant surface through the process of osmosis. However, in higher plants, this function is specialized and occurs primarily through the root hairs. The primary … Read more
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