Rolling Circle Replication –  Mechanism, Importance

Rolling Circle Replication -  Mechanism, Application

What is Rolling circle replication? Rolling circle replication is a unidirectional and asymmetric process of nucleic acid replication. It is the process by which multiple copies of circular DNA or RNA molecules is synthesized rapidly. This mechanism is commonly seen in bacterial plasmids, bacteriophages and certain plant and animal viruses. In this type of replication … Read more

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) – Definition, Measurement, Importance

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) - Definition, Measurement, Uses

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is a way to measure how much oxygen is needed to chemically oxidize organic and some inorganic substances in water that is acidic and has a strong oxidant, like potassium dichromate. It is usually shown in mg O₂ per liter. To find out how much oxidizable material is in a sample, … Read more

Dry Mount Slides – Principle, Preparation, Uses

Procedure of Dry Mount Slide

A dry mount slide is the simplest type of slide preparation in microscopy. It is the process in which a dry specimen is placed directly on the clean glass slide without using any liquid medium. It is the air that remains between the specimen and the objective lens, and the refractive index of air is … Read more

One Step Growth Curve of Virus -Phases, Significance

One Step Growth Curve

The One Step Growth Curve was first described by Max Delbriick and Emory Ellis in 1939 and started modern bacteriophage research.

Mechanisms of Animal Behaviour

Mechanisms of Behaviour

What is Animal Behaviour? Animal behaviour is the study of the activities and responses shown by animals in relation to their environment and other organisms. It includes all the actions that animals perform during their life such as searching for food, finding shelter, avoiding enemies, communication and reproduction. These activities help the animal to survive … Read more

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium – Definition, Structure, Function, Types

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium - Definition, Structure, Function, Types

Definition of Pseudostratified columnar epithelium  A pseudostratified columnar epithelium an epithelium made up of only one layer of cells which creates the appearance of multiple layers due to the nuclei in the cells are located at various levels. It is histologically an epithelium that is simple, even though when viewed from a cross-section it could … Read more

List of Top Biotechnology Techniques

List of Top Biotechnology Techniques

Principles Of Biotechnology Biotechnology has grown and changed a lot over the years. The old way of doing it was to use microbes to make products that people could use. Now, the new way is to use genes to make vaccines. So, the European Federation of Biotechnology (EFB) has come up with a new definition … Read more

Biosafety Guidelines – Biosafety guidelines and regulations

Biosafety Guidelines: Biosafety guidelines and regulations

Biosafety guidelines provide guidelines, policies, and procedures that must be observed by all personnel who work in facilities handling microbiological agents, such as bacteria, viruses and parasites, fungi and prions. These guidelines are required for all institutions, including clinical and microbiological labs, biomedical research laboratories, teaching and training laboratories, and other healthcare institutions (e.g. hospitals, … Read more

Biosafety Cabinet – Definition, Classification (Class I, II, III), Working Mechanism, Application, Features.

Biosafety Cabinet: Definition, Classification (Class I, II, III), Working Mechanism, Application, Features.

What is Biosafety Cabinet? A biosafety cabinet (BSC), also known as a biological safety cabinet or microbiological safety cabinet, is a specialized laboratory workspace designed to handle materials contaminated with or potentially contaminated with pathogens requiring a specific biosafety level. The primary purpose of a biosafety cabinet is to provide a safe working environment for … Read more

Simple columnar epithelium – definition, structure, functions, examples

Simple columnar epithelium - definition, structure, functions, examples

Definition of Simple columnar epithelium  The simple columnar epithelium, which is one type of epithelium, is made up of a single layer consisting of long, elongated cells. These cells are located in areas where absorption or secretion are the primary functions. The cells of the columnar epithelium can also be modified, just like cuboidal epithelium. … Read more