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Negative staining of Viruses – Principle, Procedure, Uses

Negative stain of an enveloped virus with such short surface projections that they are not often visible in negative stains (rubella virus); the nucleocapsids inside are not morphologically distinct. Some particles are outlined by the stain, showing the surface of the virus (arrow), and some are penetrated by the stain (arrowhead) allowing visualization of the interior of the virus. Bar, 100 nm. Magnification, ϫ 100,000. (Reprinted from reference 56 with permission of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Copyright 1986 Wiley-Liss, Inc., a subsidiary of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)

Negative staining of viruses is the process in which the viral particles is visualized by embedding them in an electron-dense stain rather than staining the virus itself. It is the method where the background gets heavily stained while the virus remains unstained, so the particles appear as light structures against a dark surrounding. It is … Read more

Wheatley Trichrome Staining – Principle, Procedure, Uses

Wheatley Trichrome Staining - Principle, Procedure, Uses

Wheatley Trichrome Staining is the permanent staining method used in parasitology for detecting intestinal protozoans from stool samples, and it is mainly applied when cysts and trophozoites is to be identified in a fixed smear. It is the process in which three dyes are used so that the parasite structures get a clear differential colour … Read more

Amoeba Staining – Principle, Methods, Procedure, Result, Uses

Amoeba - Fixing, Staining Techniques

Amoeba staining is the process used in laboratories for observing the structural details of free-living and intestinal amoebae. It is needed because most amoebae are transparent in fresh samples, and their internal parts cannot be seen clearly without color contrast. It is the process that helps in identifying pathogenic forms like Entamoeba histolytica from non-pathogenic … Read more

Vacuole Staining – Principle, Methods, Procedure, Results

Vacuole Staining - Observation of Vacuoles under Microscope

A light microscope may be used to see and examine the vacuole’s structure. While the vacuole doesn’t stain as the other organelles of the cell (because it does not contain many constituents that stain) tests have demonstrated that staining is possible for this organelle because the vacuole’s sap absorbs and stores dyes that are colored.

Masson’s Trichrome Staining – Principle, Procedure, Result, Uses

Mouse skin stained with Masson's trichrome stain.

Masson’s Trichrome Staining (MTS) is a special histological staining method used to differentiate the connective tissue elements of a section. Principle of the Masson’s Trichrome Staining The principle of Masson’s Trichrome Staining is based on the differential penetration of dyes into tissue components of different density, and it is the process where electrostatic attraction and … Read more

Positive staining of Viruses – Principle, Procedure, Result

Results and interpretation of Positive Staining of Viruses

What is positive staining of Virus? Positive staining of viruses is the process in which the viral particle is made dark on a light background. It is the opposite of negative staining where the virus image is light and the background becomes dark. It is used widely to study the diverse morphology of viruses especially … Read more

Auramine-Rhodamine Staining – Principle, Procedure, Result, Applications

Result and Interpretation of Auramine- Rhodamine Staining

Auramine–Rhodamine staining is the process used to demonstrate acid-fast bacilli from clinical specimens and it is considered a modified form of the Acid-Fast staining technique. It is the process where fluorochrome dyes bind with the mycolic acid of the bacterial cell wall and it is visualized under a fluorescent microscope. It is the preferred screening … Read more

Silver Staining – Principle, Procedure, Result, Uses

Silver Staining - Principle, Procedure, Applications

Silver staining is the process used for detecting and identifying proteins and nucleic acids in different gels, and it is highly sensitive in nature. It is the method where silver ions (Ag⁺) binds to different chemical groups present in proteins like carboxyl and sulfhydryl groups, and these ions is then reduced into metallic silver (Ag⁰). … Read more

Grocott-Gomori’s Methenamine Silver Staining – Principle, Procedure, Applications

Results of Grocott-Gomori’s Methenamine Silver Staining

Grocott-Gomori’s Methenamine Silver (GMS) stain is the histological staining method that is used mainly for the detection of fungal microorganisms in tissue sections and smears. It is the process that was first developed by Gomori and later modified by Grocott, and it is used because of its high sensitivity to demonstrate carbohydrates present in the … Read more

Calcofluor White Staining – Principle, Procedure, Results, Applications

Calcofluor White Staining

Calcofluor White (CFW) is a fluorescent dye that is used for the quick detection of fungi, yeasts, and some parasites. It is a stilbene derivative and it is the compound that absorbs ultraviolet light and then emits a visible blue light. It binds with β-linked polysaccharides like chitin in fungal cell walls and cellulose in … Read more

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