BNO Team 
5 min read 
Hey there today in this article we will learn about epidemiology. Before we know about the epidemiology, first we need to analyse the term epidemiology. The term epidemiology comes from a Greek word epidemios which mean “among the people” and logos, meaning “study”. Epidemiology is a branch of microbiology in which epidemiologist are concern about … Read more
25 min read 
What is monkeypox virus? Classification of Monkeypox Virus Morphology of Monkeypox Virus/Structure of Monkeypox Virus Genome Structure of Monkeypox Virus Genome Structure Replication Cycle of Monkeypox Virus The cycle of replication for poxviruses is different from that of other DNA viruses, is carried out in the cytoplasm within the cell that hosts them. Poxviruses infiltrate … Read more
16 min read 
The most common cause for human disease is viral infections. Millions are still dying from viral infections, including hepatitis and human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV).
15 min read 
Norovirus, an RNA-based virus belonging to the family Caliciviridae is an enteric pathogen that can cause significant morbidity and mortality in health medical and communities.
32 min read 
Viruses that infect bacteria are known as phages or bacteriophages. Twort (19l5) described a degenerative alteration in staphylococcal colonies isolated from calf lymph that was transmissible serially via application of culture filtrates from the original growth. d’Herelle (1917) observed that the filtrates of dysentery patient faeces cultures produced transmissible lysis of a dysentery bacillus broth … Read more
22 min read 
What are Poxviruses? Classification of Poxviruses Based on whether they infect insect or vertebrate hosts, the family Poxviridae has been divided into two subfamilies: Chordopoxvirinae and Entomopoxvirinae. The subfamily Chordopoxvirinae encompasses viruses that infect vertebrate hosts and consists of eight genera, at least four of which cause human illness. These are the categories: The genera … Read more
5 min read 
The One Step Growth Curve was first described by Max Delbriick and Emory Ellis in 1939 and started modern bacteriophage research.
26 min read 
Viral replication is the process of forming of biological viruses in the course of the infection process within the host cells.
A virus has to go through the process of reproduction to generate new, infectious virions which are able to infect cells within the body and subsequent hosts.
15 min read 
Pathogenesis refers to the process by which infection by viruses causes illness. Thus, it is a description of the mechanism by which initial infection triggers the development of disease.
7 min read 
Viral entry is the first phase of infection in the viral life cycle when the virus is in contact with the cell of its host and injects virus-related material into the cell.