BNO Team 
14 min read 
What is dna repair mechanism? DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome. dna repair definition Types of dna repair mechanism There are present four types of DNA Repair System such as; 1. Mismatch Repair System Enzyme participate in dna … Read more
17 min read 
Mode of DNA replication Imagine yourself in 1953, right after the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA. What are some burning questions you and other scientists might have? One big question concerned DNA replication. The double helix shape of DNA gave a tantalising hint about how copying might happen. It seemed likely that … Read more
26 min read 
What are Okazaki Fragments? Okazaki Fragments Definition Okazaki fragments are short DNA sequences synthesized discontinuously on the lagging strand during DNA replication, which are later joined together to form a continuous strand. Why do okazaki fragments form? Why okazaki fragments are formed? Okazaki fragments form due to the inherent nature of DNA polymerase and the … Read more
13 min read 
What is cDNA library? Principle of cDNA library Process involved in the construction of cDNA library 1. Extraction of mRNA from the eukaryotic cell 2. cDNA construction In the process of creating cDNAs, there’s different approaches. They are described as follows: a. The RNAse method Step I: Annealing: Step II: Replacing RNA strand with DNA … Read more
13 min read 
A ribonucleoprotein known as telomerase, terminal transferase adds a repeat sequence of telomeres to the 3′ end of chromosomes, the length of which varies depending on species. In most eukaryotic organisms, the chromosomal ends are capped by a repeating sequence known as a telomere. Telomeres prevent DNA damage and chromosomal fusion at the chromosome’s end. … Read more
23 min read 
What is SOS Response or SOS Repair? Definition of SOS Response or SOS Repair The SOS response or SOS repair is a cellular mechanism activated in response to DNA damage, where the cell cycle is temporarily halted to facilitate DNA repair and mutagenesis. Central to this system is the RecA protein, which, when stimulated by … Read more
10 min read 
What is cDNA? cDNA synthesis principle cDNA synthesis steps There are different steps for synthesis of cdna such as; cDNA synthesis protocol 1. Prepare sample 2. Remove genomic DNA 3. Select reverse transcriptase Common reverse transcriptases and their attributes. AMV reverse transcriptase MMLV reverse transcriptase Engineered MMLV reverse transcriptase(e.g., Invitrogen SuperScript IV Reverse Transcriptase) RNase … Read more
11 min read 
Transcription refers to the process in which the information contained in the DNA strand is transformed into a new messenger RNA molecule (mRNA). In prokaryotic cells, transcription occurs in three stages called the initiation, the elongation, and the termination.
1 revisions 38 min read 
The process of DNA transcription also referred to as RNA synthesis , is the process where genetic information in DNA is transformed into messenger (mRNA) (mRNA) through an enzyme known as RNA polymerase.
20 min read 
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) Polymerase (RNAP) enzyme is a multi-subunit enzyme which uses its function to catalyze the transcription process RNA produced from DNA template.