BNO Team 
The nervous system of a frog is a complex structure that controls and coordinates the various functions and activities of the frog’s body. It can be broadly divided into two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The nervous system of the frog is adapted for its amphibious lifestyle. … Read more
The respiratory system of a frog is quite interesting because frogs have multiple ways to exchange gases with their environment. Here’s a brief overview: It’s important to note that while frogs have lungs, they rely heavily on their skin for gas exchange, especially when they are in water. This dual mode of respiration allows them … Read more
Have you ever wondered how the human body operates? How did we discover that the human body contains 206 bones? How do we know that DNA is our body’s genetic material? Zoology, the study of animals, has enabled us to comprehend our bodies and those of all other species. It is also beneficial to comprehend … Read more
Zoology is the biological discipline devoted to the study of animals and the animal kingdom. Also referred to as animal biology. Zoology is the study of the connection between the animal kingdom and their environments, including taxonomy, habits, structure, embryology, distribution, evolution, and extinct species. Zoology is the branch of biology concerned with animal life. … Read more
What is Agrobacterium? Agrobacterium-mediated Gene Transfer Factors affecting Agrobacterium-mediated Gene Transfer Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer is a widely used technique for introducing foreign DNA into plants. However, successful gene transfer depends on several factors, including: Why transform plants using Agrobacterium? Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer is a preferred method for transforming plants for several reasons: Overall, Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer is a … Read more
Organic waste adds to greenhouse gas emissions, soil and water contamination, and other environmental problems. Composting, anaerobic digestion, and vermicomposting are among the methods that can be used to manage organic waste. What is Organic waste? Organic waste refers to any waste material that originates from living organisms or their byproducts. This waste can be … Read more
What is lignin? Structure of lignin Biological function of lignin Factors affecting lignin degradation The degradation of lignin is influenced by a variety of factors. Some of the important factors that affect lignin degradation are: Lignin-degradating Microorganisms The biological breakdown of lignin is an extremely crucial component of the intricate carbon and oxygen cycle that … Read more
What is cellulose? (C6H10O5)n Cellulose Molecular Weight/ Molar Mass 162.1406 g/mol Density 1.5 g/cm³ Appears White powder Melting Point 260–270 °C Properties of cellulose Structure of cellulose Commercial applications of cellulose What are cellulases? Factors affecting cellulose degradation Microorganisms involved in cellulose degradation/cellulolytic microorganisms Cellulose degradation is primarily carried out by cellulolytic microorganisms, which are … Read more
In microbiology, the phyllosphere is the complete above-ground plant surface seen as a microorganism habitat. Other subdivisions of the phyllosphere include the caulosphere (stems), phylloplane (leaves), anthosphere (flowers), and carposphere (roots) (fruits). The rhizosphere and laimosphere are the below-ground microbial habitats (i.e., the thin volume of soil surrounding root or subterranean stem surfaces). The majority … Read more
Definition of Soil Formation The process through which soil grows over time from weathered rock, organic matter, and other components in the environment is known as soil formation. This process involves the interaction of physical, chemical, and biological processes that transform basic materials into a complex, living environment that supports the growth of plants and … Read more
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